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Biologia na czasie 1. Maturalne karty pracy zakres rozszerzony to zeszyt ćwiczeń wydawnictwa Nowa Era przeznaczony dla uczniów liceum ogólnokształcącego i technikum na poziomie klasy 1. Publikacja ta stanowi wartościowe wsparcie w nauce biologii, oferując solidne podstawy do nauki na poziomie rozszerzonym, które pozwolą uczniom lepiej przygotować się do egzaminów maturalnych oraz konkursów biologicznych. Po pierwszych stronach publikacji, uczniowie wprowadzani są w świat badań przyrodniczych, gdzie omawiane są metodyki badań biologicznych oraz obserwacje mikroskopowe. Kolejnym istotnym działem są chemiczne podstawy życia, które obejmują tematy takie jak skład chemiczny organizmów, budowa i funkcje sacharydów, lipidów, aminokwasów oraz kwasów nukleinowych. Dzięki tej książce, uczniowie mogą skutecznie przyswajać treści, jakie wymagane są na lekcjach, mając dostęp do licznych zadań maturalnych. Jeśli szukasz odpowiedzi do zeszyt ćwiczeń lub odrobionych zadań do podręcznika Biologia na czasie 1. Maturalne karty pracy zakres rozszerzony, zapraszamy do odwiedzenia naszej strony. Znajdziesz tam gotowe odpowiedzi, które mogą pomóc w zrozumieniu i przyswojeniu materiału.

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Książka Biologia na czasie 1. Maturalne karty pracy zakres rozszerzony to niezwykle wartościowy zeszyt ćwiczeń przygotowany przez wydawnictwo Nowa Era. Został stworzony z myślą o uczniach pierwszej klasy liceum i technikum, które kładą nacisk na szczegółowe przygotowanie do egzaminów maturalnych z biologii w zakresie rozszerzonym. Na początku książki znajduje się spis treści, który już na wstępie przyciąga uwagę swoją szczegółowością i starannością.

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Rozpoczynając od działu 'Badania przyrodnicze' znajdziemy w nim tematy kluczowe dla zrozumienia metodologicznych podstaw biologii. Tematy takie jak 'Metodyka badań biologicznych' czy 'Obserwacje mikroskopowe' oferują wprowadzenie do naukowego badania świata przyrody, co stanowi nieocenioną wartość dla każdego ucznia. Kolejnym działem są 'Chemiczne podstawy życia', gdzie uczniowie mają okazję zrozumieć fundamentalne elementy, które tworzą życie. Tematy poruszane w tym dziale, takie jak 'Budowa i funkcje sacharydów' oraz 'Budowa i funkcje lipidów', pozwalają zgłębić tajniki środków odżywczych i ich kluczową rolę w życiu organizmów.

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Następnie książka przechodzi do omówienia 'Komórki jako podstawowej jednostki życia'. Uczniowie dowiedzą się tutaj, jak złożoną strukturą jest komórka oraz jaką pełni funkcję w całości organizmów. Dzięki szczegółowym rozważaniom na temat 'Budowy i funkcji komórki', 'Transportu przez błony biologiczne' oraz niezbędnych organelli komórkowych jak 'Mitochondria i plastydy', młodzi badacze mogą zgłębić sekret życia komórkowego. Dział związany z 'Metabolizmem' rozwija tę wiedzę, wprowadzając w zagadnienia związane z procesami anabolicznymi oraz katabolicznymi. Odkrywanie procesów takich jak 'Fotosynteza' czy 'Oddychanie komórkowe' przedstawia, jak organizmy przetwarzają energię, co jest kluczowe dla ich przetrwania.

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Wszystkie te działy kompletują i uzupełniają treści zawarte w podręczniku Biologia na czasie 1, dzięki czemu uczniowie mogą liczyć na rzetelne wsparcie w nauce trudnych zagadnień. Strona gotowiec.pl oferuje odpowiedzi do zeszyt ćwiczeń, co jest idealną pomocą dla tych, którzy pragną zyskać pewność swoich rozwiązań i zrozumienia materiału. Niezależnie od tego, czy interesują Cię gotowe odpowiedzi do książki Biologia na czasie 1. Maturalne karty pracy zakres rozszerzony czy też potrzebujesz PDF z odpowiedziami, gotowiec.pl stanie się Twoim niezastąpionym wsparciem w drodze do sukcesu na maturze.

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18. Temat 3.4. Tabela przedstawia względne objętości zajmowane przez cytozol i organelle w komórce wątroby (hepatocycie). Cytozol Mitochondria Retikulum endoplazmatyczne Jadro Aparat Golgiego Przedział wewnątrzkomórkowy Peroksysomy Lizosomy Endosomy (pęcherzyki tworzące się w czasie endocytozy) Procent całkowitej objętości komórki N Zadanie 18.2. (0-1) Podaj nazwę związku stanowiącego główny składnik cytozolu. 3. 54 22 12 6 3 1 1 1 Przybliżona liczba w komórce 1 1700 1 1 Zadanie 18.1. (0-1) Określ, jaką objętość komórki wątroby zajmują organelle otoczone jedną błoną cytoplazmatyczną. Źrócter B. Albertsiin, Podstawy biologil komórki, Warszawa 1999. Zadanie 18.3. (0-1) Na podstawie informacji zawartych w tabeli określ, które stwierdzenia dotyczące hepatocy- tów są prawdziwe. Zaznacz P, jeśli stwierdzenie jest prawdziwe, albo F - jeśli jest fałszywe. 1. 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18.1.

\r\n\r\n

Do organelli posiadających pojedynczą błonę należą: retikulum endoplazmatyczne, aparat Golgiego, peroksysomy, lizosomy oraz endosomy.

\r\n\r\n

Odpowiedź: Organelle otoczone

","stylesheet","\n\nmjx-munderover {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-munderover:not([limits=\"false\"]) {\n padding-top: .1em;\n}\n\nmjx-munderover:not([limits=\"false\"]) > * {\n display: block;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2211.TEX-S2::before {\n padding: 0.95em 1.444em 0.45em 0;\n content: \"\\2211\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D456.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.661em 0.345em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"i\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2211.TEX-S1::before {\n padding: 0.75em 1.056em 0.25em 0;\n content: \"\\2211\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D70C.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.517em 0.216em 0;\n content: \"\\3C1\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D708.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.53em 0 0;\n content: \"\\3BD\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-stretchy-h.mjx-c23DF mjx-beg mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\E152\";\n padding: 0.32em 0 0.2em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h.mjx-c23DF mjx-ext mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\E154\";\n padding: 0.32em 0 0.2em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h.mjx-c23DF mjx-end mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\E153\";\n padding: 0.32em 0 0.2em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h.mjx-c23DF mjx-mid mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\E151\\E150\";\n padding: 0.32em 0 0.2em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h.mjx-c23DF > mjx-ext {\n width: 50%;\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2A::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.5em 0 0;\n content: \"*\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c2193 mjx-ext mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\23D0\";\n width: 0.667em;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c2193 mjx-end mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\2193\";\n padding: 0.6em 0.667em 0 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c2193 > mjx-end {\n margin-top: -0.6em;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c2193 > mjx-ext {\n border-bottom-width: 0.57em;\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-cAF::before {\n padding: 0.59em 0.5em 0 0;\n content: \"\\AF\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n.mjx-stretched mjx-c.mjx-c2013::before {\n content: \"\\2013\";\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h.mjx-c2013 mjx-ext mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\2013\";\n padding: 0.285em 0 0 0;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2013::before {\n padding: 0.285em 0.5em 0 0;\n content: \"\\2013\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D44D.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.723em 0 0;\n content: \"Z\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7D mjx-beg mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\23AB\";\n padding: 0.899em 0.889em 0.01em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7D mjx-ext mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\23AA\";\n width: 0.889em;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7D mjx-end mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\23AD\";\n padding: 0.01em 0.889em 0.899em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7D mjx-mid mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\23AC\";\n padding: 1.16em 0.889em 0.66em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7D > mjx-mid {\n margin-top: -0.91em;\n margin-bottom: -0.91em;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7D > mjx-end {\n margin-top: -0.909em;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7D > mjx-ext {\n height: 50%;\n border-top-width: 0.879em;\n border-bottom-width: 0.879em;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D457.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.661em 0.412em 0.204em 0;\n content: \"j\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2A7D.TEX-A::before {\n padding: 0.636em 0.778em 0.138em 0;\n content: \"\\2A7D\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c27E8::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.389em 0.25em 0;\n content: \"\\27E8\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c27E9::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.389em 0.25em 0;\n content: \"\\27E9\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D736.TEX-BI::before {\n padding: 0.452em 0.761em 0.008em 0;\n content: \"\\3B1\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2220::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.722em 0 0;\n content: \"\\2220\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-munder {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-over {\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-munder:not([limits=\"false\"]) {\n display: inline-table;\n}\n\nmjx-munder > mjx-row {\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-under {\n padding-bottom: .1em;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2032::before {\n padding: 0.56em 0.275em 0 0;\n content: \"\\2032\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c28.TEX-S4::before {\n padding: 1.75em 0.792em 1.249em 0;\n content: \"(\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c29.TEX-S4::before {\n padding: 1.75em 0.792em 1.249em 0;\n content: \")\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D428.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.452em 0.575em 0.005em 0;\n content: \"o\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D42C.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.453em 0.454em 0.006em 0;\n content: \"s\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-cB0.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.702em 0.575em 0 0;\n content: \"\\B0\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D422.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.695em 0.319em 0 0;\n content: \"i\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2209::before {\n padding: 0.716em 0.667em 0.215em 0;\n content: \"\\2209\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c211A.TEX-A::before {\n padding: 0.701em 0.778em 0.181em 0;\n content: \"Q\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2216::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.5em 0.25em 0;\n content: \"\\2216\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D427.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.45em 0.639em 0 0;\n content: \"n\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2219::before {\n padding: 0.444em 0.5em 0 0;\n content: \"\\2219\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2A7E.TEX-A::before {\n padding: 0.636em 0.778em 0.138em 0;\n content: \"\\2A7E\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c22A5::before {\n padding: 0.668em 0.778em 0 0;\n content: \"\\22A5\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2115.TEX-A::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.722em 0.02em 0;\n content: \"N\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c5A::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.611em 0 0;\n content: \"Z\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D44C.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.763em 0 0;\n content: \"Y\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D44B.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.852em 0 0;\n content: \"X\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D48C.TEX-BI::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.604em 0.008em 0;\n content: \"k\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D475.TEX-BI::before {\n padding: 0.686em 1.027em 0 0;\n content: \"N\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D420.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.455em 0.575em 0.201em 0;\n content: \"g\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-mmultiscripts {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-prescripts {\n display: inline-table;\n padding-left: .05em;\n}\n\nmjx-scripts {\n display: inline-table;\n padding-right: .05em;\n}\n\nmjx-prescripts > mjx-row > mjx-cell {\n text-align: right;\n}\n\n[script-align=\"left\"] > mjx-row > mjx-cell {\n text-align: left;\n}\n\n[script-align=\"center\"] > mjx-row > mjx-cell {\n text-align: center;\n}\n\n[script-align=\"right\"] > mjx-row > mjx-cell {\n text-align: right;\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D47E.TEX-BI::before {\n padding: 0.686em 1.207em 0.017em 0;\n content: \"W\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D499.TEX-BI::before {\n padding: 0.452em 0.659em 0.008em 0;\n content: \"x\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D477.TEX-BI::before {\n padding: 0.686em 0.847em 0 0;\n content: \"P\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c21::before {\n padding: 0.716em 0.278em 0 0;\n content: \"!\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D45C.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.441em 0.485em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"o\";\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h.mjx-c2192 mjx-ext mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\2212\";\n padding: 0.583em 0 0.082em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h.mjx-c2192 mjx-end mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\2192\";\n padding: 0.583em 0 0.082em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D40D.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.686em 0.9em 0 0;\n content: \"N\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c3F::before {\n padding: 0.705em 0.472em 0 0;\n content: \"?\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c57::before {\n padding: 0.683em 1.028em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"W\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2C.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.171em 0.319em 0.194em 0;\n content: \",\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D41A.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.453em 0.559em 0.006em 0;\n content: \"a\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c25.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.958em 0.056em 0;\n content: \"%\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2B.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.633em 0.894em 0.131em 0;\n content: \"+\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D7D5.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.676em 0.575em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"7\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D706.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.583em 0.012em 0;\n content: \"\\3BB\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c76::before {\n padding: 0.431em 0.528em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"v\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c55::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.75em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"U\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2061::before {\n padding: 0 0 0 0;\n content: \"\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2005::before {\n padding: 0 0.25em 0 0;\n content: \"\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D43F.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.681em 0 0;\n content: \"L\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2026::before {\n padding: 0.12em 1.172em 0 0;\n content: \"\\2026\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c221A.TEX-S3::before {\n padding: 1.45em 1.02em 0.95em 0;\n content: \"\\221A\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c221A.TEX-S2::before {\n padding: 1.15em 1.02em 0.65em 0;\n content: \"\\221A\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c7B.TEX-S4::before {\n padding: 1.75em 0.806em 1.249em 0;\n content: \"{\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c221A.TEX-S1::before {\n padding: 0.85em 1.02em 0.35em 0;\n content: \"\\221A\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c56::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.75em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"V\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c54::before {\n padding: 0.677em 0.722em 0 0;\n content: \"T\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c77::before {\n padding: 0.431em 0.722em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"w\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c65::before {\n padding: 0.448em 0.444em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"e\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-mover {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-mover:not([limits=\"false\"]) {\n padding-top: .1em;\n}\n\nmjx-mover:not([limits=\"false\"]) > * {\n display: block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c28 mjx-beg mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\239B\";\n padding: 1.154em 0.875em 0.655em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c28 mjx-ext mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\239C\";\n width: 0.875em;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c28 mjx-end mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\239D\";\n padding: 1.165em 0.875em 0.644em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c28 > mjx-end {\n margin-top: -1.809em;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c28 > mjx-ext {\n border-top-width: 1.779em;\n border-bottom-width: 1.779em;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h.mjx-c23DE mjx-beg mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\E150\";\n padding: 0.32em 0 0.2em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h.mjx-c23DE mjx-ext mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\E154\";\n padding: 0.32em 0 0.2em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h.mjx-c23DE mjx-end mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\E151\";\n padding: 0.32em 0 0.2em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h.mjx-c23DE mjx-mid mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\E153\\E152\";\n padding: 0.32em 0 0.2em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h.mjx-c23DE > mjx-ext {\n width: 50%;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c29 mjx-beg mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\239E\";\n padding: 1.154em 0.875em 0.655em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c29 mjx-ext mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\239F\";\n width: 0.875em;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c29 mjx-end mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\23A0\";\n padding: 1.165em 0.875em 0.644em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c29 > mjx-end {\n margin-top: -1.809em;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c29 > mjx-ext {\n border-top-width: 1.779em;\n border-bottom-width: 1.779em;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c221E::before {\n padding: 0.442em 1em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"\\221E\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c222A::before {\n padding: 0.598em 0.667em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"\\222A\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7B mjx-beg mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\23A7\";\n padding: 0.899em 0.889em 0.01em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7B mjx-ext mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\23AA\";\n width: 0.889em;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7B mjx-end mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\23A9\";\n padding: 0.01em 0.889em 0.899em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7B mjx-mid mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\23A8\";\n padding: 1.16em 0.889em 0.66em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7B > mjx-mid {\n margin-top: -0.91em;\n margin-bottom: -0.91em;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7B > mjx-end {\n margin-top: -0.909em;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7B > mjx-ext {\n height: 50%;\n border-top-width: 0.879em;\n border-bottom-width: 0.879em;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D6E5.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.716em 0.833em 0 0;\n content: \"\\394\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D462.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.572em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"u\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D431.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.444em 0.607em 0 0;\n content: \"x\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-cA0::before {\n padding: 0 0.25em 0 0;\n content: \"\\A0\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2228.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.604em 0.767em 0.016em 0;\n content: \"\\2228\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2227::before {\n padding: 0.598em 0.667em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"\\2227\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c7B.TEX-S1::before {\n padding: 0.85em 0.583em 0.349em 0;\n content: \"{\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c7D.TEX-S1::before {\n padding: 0.85em 0.583em 0.349em 0;\n content: \"}\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2208::before {\n padding: 0.54em 0.667em 0.04em 0;\n content: \"\\2208\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2124.TEX-A::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.667em 0 0;\n content: \"Z\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c7B.TEX-S3::before {\n padding: 1.45em 0.75em 0.949em 0;\n content: \"{\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c53::before {\n padding: 0.705em 0.556em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"S\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-cD7::before {\n padding: 0.491em 0.778em 0 0;\n content: \"\\D7\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c21D2::before {\n padding: 0.525em 1em 0.024em 0;\n content: \"\\21D2\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D7D2.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.656em 0.575em 0 0;\n content: \"4\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2218.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.474em 0.575em 0 0;\n content: \"\\2218\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2225::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.5em 0.25em 0;\n content: \"\\2225\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2222.TEX-A::before {\n padding: 0.551em 0.722em 0.051em 0;\n content: \"\\2222\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c45::before {\n padding: 0.68em 0.681em 0 0;\n content: \"E\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-cF7::before {\n padding: 0.537em 0.778em 0.036em 0;\n content: \"\\F7\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D6FA.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.704em 0.786em 0 0;\n content: \"\\3A9\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D467.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.465em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"z\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c79::before {\n padding: 0.431em 0.528em 0.204em 0;\n content: \"y\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2265::before {\n padding: 0.636em 0.778em 0.138em 0;\n content: \"\\2265\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c21D4::before {\n padding: 0.526em 1em 0.025em 0;\n content: \"\\21D4\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2264::before {\n padding: 0.636em 0.778em 0.138em 0;\n content: \"\\2264\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2245::before {\n padding: 0.589em 0.778em 0 0;\n content: \"\\2245\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c4B::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.778em 0 0;\n content: \"K\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c4C::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.625em 0 0;\n content: \"L\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c4D::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.917em 0 0;\n content: \"M\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2221.TEX-A::before {\n padding: 0.714em 0.722em 0.02em 0;\n content: \"\\2221\";\n}\n\nmjx-mroot {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-root {\n display: inline-block;\n white-space: nowrap;\n}\n\nmjx-surd {\n display: inline-block;\n vertical-align: top;\n}\n\nmjx-sqrt {\n display: inline-block;\n padding-top: .07em;\n}\n\nmjx-sqrt > mjx-box {\n border-top: .07em solid;\n}\n\nmjx-sqrt.mjx-tall > mjx-box {\n padding-left: .3em;\n margin-left: -.3em;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-cB1::before {\n padding: 0.666em 0.778em 0 0;\n content: \"\\B1\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D712.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.626em 0.204em 0;\n content: \"\\3C7\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D713.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.651em 0.205em 0;\n content: \"\\3C8\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-msubsup {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-script {\n display: inline-block;\n padding-right: .05em;\n padding-left: .033em;\n}\n\nmjx-script > mjx-spacer {\n display: block;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c7A::before {\n padding: 0.431em 0.444em 0 0;\n content: \"z\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D43C.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.504em 0 0;\n content: \"I\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c49::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.361em 0 0;\n content: \"I\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c42::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.708em 0 0;\n content: \"B\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c46::before {\n padding: 0.68em 0.653em 0 0;\n content: \"F\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c47::before {\n padding: 0.705em 0.785em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"G\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D43E.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.889em 0 0;\n content: \"K\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D459.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.298em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"l\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c5B.TEX-S2::before {\n padding: 1.15em 0.472em 0.649em 0;\n content: \"[\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c5D.TEX-S2::before {\n padding: 1.15em 0.472em 0.649em 0;\n content: \"]\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c74::before {\n padding: 0.615em 0.389em 0.01em 0;\n content: \"t\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D711.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.654em 0.218em 0;\n content: \"\\3C6\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D463.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.443em 0.485em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"v\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D714.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.443em 0.622em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"\\3C9\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c64::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.556em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"d\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D440.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 1.051em 0 0;\n content: \"M\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2032::before {\n padding: 0.56em 0.275em 0 0;\n content: \"\\2032\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D7D7.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.654em 0.575em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"9\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D7CE.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.654em 0.575em 0.01em 0;\n content: \"0\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D7D3.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.655em 0.575em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"5\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2032::before {\n padding: 0.56em 0.275em 0 0;\n content: \"\\2032\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2260::before {\n padding: 0.716em 0.778em 0.215em 0;\n content: \"\\2260\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D437.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.828em 0 0;\n content: \"D\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c211D.TEX-A::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.722em 0 0;\n content: \"R\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c5C::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.5em 0.25em 0;\n content: \"\\5C\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2228::before {\n padding: 0.598em 0.667em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"\\2228\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D6FE.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.441em 0.543em 0.216em 0;\n content: \"\\3B3\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D6FF.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.717em 0.444em 0.01em 0;\n content: \"\\3B4\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D439.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.68em 0.749em 0 0;\n content: \"F\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D447.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.677em 0.704em 0 0;\n content: \"T\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D448.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.767em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"U\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c6C::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.278em 0 0;\n content: \"l\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c5B.TEX-S1::before {\n padding: 0.85em 0.417em 0.349em 0;\n content: \"[\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c5D.TEX-S1::before {\n padding: 0.85em 0.417em 0.349em 0;\n content: \"]\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c68::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.556em 0 0;\n content: \"h\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D6FD.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.705em 0.566em 0.194em 0;\n content: \"\\3B2\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D452.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.466em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"e\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c73::before {\n padding: 0.448em 0.394em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"s\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c69::before {\n padding: 0.669em 0.278em 0 0;\n content: \"i\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c3A9::before {\n padding: 0.704em 0.722em 0 0;\n content: \"\\3A9\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D461.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.626em 0.361em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"t\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D460.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.469em 0.01em 0;\n content: \"s\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D45D.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.503em 0.194em 0;\n content: \"p\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D454.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.477em 0.205em 0;\n content: \"g\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c25::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.833em 0.056em 0;\n content: \"%\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D43A.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.705em 0.786em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"G\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c50::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.681em 0 0;\n content: \"P\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c5B::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.278em 0.25em 0;\n content: \"[\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c4E::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.75em 0 0;\n content: \"N\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c5D::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.278em 0.25em 0;\n content: \"]\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c48::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.75em 0 0;\n content: \"H\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D446.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.705em 0.645em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"S\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c7C::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.278em 0.249em 0;\n content: \"|\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c41::before {\n padding: 0.716em 0.75em 0 0;\n content: \"A\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c44::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.764em 0 0;\n content: \"D\";\n}\n\nmjx-TeXAtom {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D44F.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.429em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"b\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D450.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.433em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"c\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D453.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.705em 0.55em 0.205em 0;\n content: \"f\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c78::before {\n padding: 0.431em 0.528em 0 0;\n content: \"x\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c62::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.556em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"b\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2206::before {\n padding: 0.716em 0.833em 0 0;\n content: \"\\394\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c210E.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.576em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"h\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2223::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.278em 0.249em 0;\n content: \"\\2223\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c394::before {\n padding: 0.716em 0.833em 0 0;\n content: \"\\394\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D6FC.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.64em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"\\3B1\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-cB0::before {\n padding: 0.715em 0.5em 0 0;\n content: \"\\B0\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D44E.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.441em 0.529em 0.01em 0;\n content: \"a\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D45B.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.6em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"n\";\n}\n\nmjx-maction {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n position: relative;\n}\n\nmjx-maction > mjx-tool {\n display: none;\n position: absolute;\n bottom: 0;\n right: 0;\n width: 0;\n height: 0;\n z-index: 500;\n}\n\nmjx-tool > mjx-tip {\n display: inline-block;\n padding: .2em;\n border: 1px solid #888;\n font-size: 70%;\n background-color: #F8F8F8;\n color: black;\n box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px #AAAAAA;\n}\n\nmjx-maction[toggle] {\n cursor: pointer;\n}\n\nmjx-status {\n display: block;\n position: fixed;\n left: 1em;\n bottom: 1em;\n min-width: 25%;\n padding: .2em .4em;\n border: 1px solid #888;\n font-size: 90%;\n background-color: #F8F8F8;\n color: black;\n}\n\nmjx-mpadded {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-rbox {\n display: inline-block;\n position: relative;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2F::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.5em 0.25em 0;\n content: \"/\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D449.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.769em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"V\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D458.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.521em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"k\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D444.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.704em 0.791em 0.194em 0;\n content: \"Q\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D45E.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.46em 0.194em 0;\n content: \"q\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D451.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.52em 0.01em 0;\n content: \"d\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c28.TEX-S2::before {\n padding: 1.15em 0.597em 0.649em 0;\n content: \"(\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c29.TEX-S2::before {\n padding: 1.15em 0.597em 0.649em 0;\n content: \")\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D44A.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 1.048em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"W\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c28.TEX-S1::before {\n padding: 0.85em 0.458em 0.349em 0;\n content: \"(\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c29.TEX-S1::before {\n padding: 0.85em 0.458em 0.349em 0;\n content: \")\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D416.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.686em 1.189em 0.007em 0;\n content: \"W\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D400.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.698em 0.869em 0 0;\n content: \"A\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2192.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.518em 1.15em 0.017em 0;\n content: \"\\2192\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D401.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.686em 0.818em 0 0;\n content: \"B\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c3D.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.393em 0.894em 0 0;\n content: \"=\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D7D6.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.654em 0.575em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"8\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-cB7.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.336em 0.319em 0 0;\n content: \"\\22C5\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D424.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.607em 0 0;\n content: \"k\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D41D.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.639em 0.006em 0;\n content: \"d\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D42A.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.45em 0.607em 0.194em 0;\n content: \"q\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D7CF.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.655em 0.575em 0 0;\n content: \"1\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2212.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.281em 0.894em 0 0;\n content: \"\\2212\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D441.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.888em 0 0;\n content: \"N\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D45A.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.878em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"m\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c28.TEX-S3::before {\n padding: 1.45em 0.736em 0.949em 0;\n content: \"(\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c29.TEX-S3::before {\n padding: 1.45em 0.736em 0.949em 0;\n content: \")\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D43D.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.633em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"J\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c4A::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.514em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"J\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D436.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.705em 0.76em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"C\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D43B.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.888em 0 0;\n content: \"H\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c43::before {\n padding: 0.705em 0.722em 0.021em 0;\n content: \"C\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c4F::before {\n padding: 0.705em 0.778em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"O\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D442.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.704em 0.763em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"O\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2192::before {\n padding: 0.511em 1em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"\\2192\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-menclose {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n position: relative;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-dstrike {\n display: inline-block;\n left: 0;\n top: 0;\n position: absolute;\n border-top: 0.067em solid;\n transform-origin: top left;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-ustrike {\n display: inline-block;\n left: 0;\n bottom: 0;\n position: absolute;\n border-top: 0.067em solid;\n transform-origin: bottom left;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-hstrike {\n border-top: 0.067em solid;\n position: absolute;\n left: 0;\n right: 0;\n bottom: 50%;\n transform: translateY(0.034em);\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-vstrike {\n border-left: 0.067em solid;\n position: absolute;\n top: 0;\n bottom: 0;\n right: 50%;\n transform: translateX(0.034em);\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-rbox {\n position: absolute;\n top: 0;\n bottom: 0;\n right: 0;\n left: 0;\n border: 0.067em solid;\n border-radius: 0.267em;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-cbox {\n position: absolute;\n top: 0;\n bottom: 0;\n right: 0;\n left: 0;\n border: 0.067em solid;\n border-radius: 50%;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-arrow {\n position: absolute;\n left: 0;\n bottom: 50%;\n height: 0;\n width: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-arrow > * {\n display: block;\n position: absolute;\n transform-origin: bottom;\n border-left: 0.268em solid;\n border-right: 0;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-arrow > mjx-aline {\n left: 0;\n top: -0.034em;\n right: 0.201em;\n height: 0;\n border-top: 0.067em solid;\n border-left: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-arrow[double] > mjx-aline {\n left: 0.201em;\n height: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-arrow > mjx-rthead {\n transform: skewX(0.464rad);\n right: 0;\n bottom: -1px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;\n border-top: 0.134em solid transparent;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-arrow > mjx-rbhead {\n transform: skewX(-0.464rad);\n transform-origin: top;\n right: 0;\n top: -1px;\n border-top: 1px solid transparent;\n border-bottom: 0.134em solid transparent;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-arrow > mjx-lthead {\n transform: skewX(-0.464rad);\n left: 0;\n bottom: -1px;\n border-left: 0;\n border-right: 0.268em solid;\n border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;\n border-top: 0.134em solid transparent;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-arrow > mjx-lbhead {\n transform: skewX(0.464rad);\n transform-origin: top;\n left: 0;\n top: -1px;\n border-left: 0;\n border-right: 0.268em solid;\n border-top: 1px solid transparent;\n border-bottom: 0.134em solid transparent;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > dbox {\n position: absolute;\n top: 0;\n bottom: 0;\n left: -0.3em;\n width: 0.6em;\n border: 0.067em solid;\n border-radius: 50%;\n clip-path: inset(0 0 0 0.3em);\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2E::before {\n padding: 0.12em 0.278em 0 0;\n content: \".\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2248::before {\n padding: 0.483em 0.778em 0 0;\n content: \"\\2248\";\n}\n\nmjx-mspace {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c6B::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.528em 0 0;\n content: \"k\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c67::before {\n padding: 0.453em 0.5em 0.206em 0;\n content: \"g\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c6E::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.556em 0 0;\n content: \"n\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c61::before {\n padding: 0.448em 0.5em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"a\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c70::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.556em 0.194em 0;\n content: \"p\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c6F::before {\n padding: 0.448em 0.5em 0.01em 0;\n content: \"o\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c6A::before {\n padding: 0.669em 0.306em 0.205em 0;\n content: \"j\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c75::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.556em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"u\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D438.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.68em 0.764em 0 0;\n content: \"E\";\n}\n\nmjx-msqrt {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-root {\n display: inline-block;\n white-space: nowrap;\n}\n\nmjx-surd {\n display: inline-block;\n vertical-align: top;\n}\n\nmjx-sqrt {\n display: inline-block;\n padding-top: .07em;\n}\n\nmjx-sqrt > mjx-box {\n border-top: .07em solid;\n}\n\nmjx-sqrt.mjx-tall > mjx-box {\n padding-left: .3em;\n margin-left: -.3em;\n}\n\nmjx-mtext {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c221A::before {\n padding: 0.8em 0.853em 0.2em 0;\n content: \"\\221A\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2218::before {\n padding: 0.444em 0.5em 0 0;\n content: \"\\2218\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-mfenced {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7C mjx-ext mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\2223\";\n width: 0.333em;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D443.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.751em 0 0;\n content: \"P\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c72::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.392em 0 0;\n content: \"r\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c63::before {\n padding: 0.448em 0.444em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"c\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c6D::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.833em 0 0;\n content: \"m\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-cA0::before {\n padding: 0 0.25em 0 0;\n content: \"\\A0\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c3A::before {\n padding: 0.43em 0.278em 0 0;\n content: \":\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D70B.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.431em 0.57em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"\\3C0\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D45F.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.451em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"r\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D445.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.759em 0.021em 0;\n content: \"R\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-cB7::before {\n padding: 0.31em 0.278em 0 0;\n content: \"\\22C5\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c52::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.736em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"R\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D7D1.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.655em 0.575em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"3\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D7D4.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.655em 0.575em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"6\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D41C.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.453em 0.511em 0.006em 0;\n content: \"c\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D426.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.45em 0.958em 0 0;\n content: \"m\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D7D0.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.654em 0.575em 0 0;\n content: \"2\";\n}\n\nmjx-mtable {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: center;\n vertical-align: .25em;\n position: relative;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n border-spacing: 0;\n border-collapse: collapse;\n}\n\nmjx-mstyle[size=\"s\"] mjx-mtable {\n vertical-align: .354em;\n}\n\nmjx-labels {\n position: absolute;\n left: 0;\n top: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-table {\n display: inline-block;\n vertical-align: -.5ex;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\nmjx-table > mjx-itable {\n vertical-align: middle;\n text-align: left;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\nmjx-labels > mjx-itable {\n position: absolute;\n top: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable[justify=\"left\"] {\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable[justify=\"right\"] {\n text-align: right;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable[justify=\"left\"][side=\"left\"] {\n padding-right: 0 ! important;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable[justify=\"left\"][side=\"right\"] {\n padding-left: 0 ! important;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable[justify=\"right\"][side=\"left\"] {\n padding-right: 0 ! important;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable[justify=\"right\"][side=\"right\"] {\n padding-left: 0 ! important;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable[align] {\n vertical-align: baseline;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable[align=\"top\"] > mjx-table {\n vertical-align: top;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable[align=\"bottom\"] > mjx-table {\n vertical-align: bottom;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable[side=\"right\"] mjx-labels {\n min-width: 100%;\n}\n\nmjx-mtr {\n display: table-row;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-mtr[rowalign=\"top\"] > mjx-mtd {\n vertical-align: top;\n}\n\nmjx-mtr[rowalign=\"center\"] > mjx-mtd {\n vertical-align: middle;\n}\n\nmjx-mtr[rowalign=\"bottom\"] > mjx-mtd {\n vertical-align: bottom;\n}\n\nmjx-mtr[rowalign=\"baseline\"] > mjx-mtd {\n vertical-align: baseline;\n}\n\nmjx-mtr[rowalign=\"axis\"] > mjx-mtd {\n vertical-align: .25em;\n}\n\nmjx-mtd {\n display: table-cell;\n text-align: center;\n padding: .215em .4em;\n}\n\nmjx-mtd:first-child {\n padding-left: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-mtd:last-child {\n padding-right: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable > * > mjx-itable > *:first-child > mjx-mtd {\n padding-top: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable > * > mjx-itable > *:last-child > mjx-mtd {\n padding-bottom: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-tstrut {\n display: inline-block;\n height: 1em;\n vertical-align: -.25em;\n}\n\nmjx-labels[align=\"left\"] > mjx-mtr > mjx-mtd {\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-labels[align=\"right\"] > mjx-mtr > mjx-mtd {\n text-align: right;\n}\n\nmjx-mtd[extra] {\n padding: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-mtd[rowalign=\"top\"] {\n vertical-align: top;\n}\n\nmjx-mtd[rowalign=\"center\"] {\n vertical-align: middle;\n}\n\nmjx-mtd[rowalign=\"bottom\"] {\n vertical-align: bottom;\n}\n\nmjx-mtd[rowalign=\"baseline\"] {\n vertical-align: baseline;\n}\n\nmjx-mtd[rowalign=\"axis\"] {\n vertical-align: .25em;\n}\n\nmjx-msub {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-msup {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D465.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.572em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"x\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D464.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.443em 0.716em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"w\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D466.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.49em 0.205em 0;\n content: \"y\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c22C5::before {\n padding: 0.31em 0.278em 0 0;\n content: \"\\22C5\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2B::before {\n padding: 0.583em 0.778em 0.082em 0;\n content: \"+\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c39::before {\n padding: 0.666em 0.5em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"9\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c36::before {\n padding: 0.666em 0.5em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"6\";\n}\n\nmjx-mi {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D434.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.716em 0.75em 0 0;\n content: \"A\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2229::before {\n padding: 0.598em 0.667em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"\\2229\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D435.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.759em 0 0;\n content: \"B\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c28::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.389em 0.25em 0;\n content: \"(\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2212::before {\n padding: 0.583em 0.778em 0.082em 0;\n content: \"\\2212\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c3B::before {\n padding: 0.43em 0.278em 0.194em 0;\n content: \";\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c29::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.389em 0.25em 0;\n content: \")\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c3C::before {\n padding: 0.54em 0.778em 0.04em 0;\n content: \"<\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c3E::before {\n padding: 0.54em 0.778em 0.04em 0;\n content: \">\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2205::before {\n padding: 0.772em 0.5em 0.078em 0;\n content: \"\\2205\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c7B::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.5em 0.25em 0;\n content: \"{\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c7D::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.5em 0.25em 0;\n content: \"}\";\n}\n\n\nmjx-container[jax=\"CHTML\"] {\n line-height: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-container [space=\"1\"] {\n margin-left: .111em;\n}\n\nmjx-container [space=\"2\"] {\n margin-left: .167em;\n}\n\nmjx-container [space=\"3\"] {\n margin-left: .222em;\n}\n\nmjx-container [space=\"4\"] {\n margin-left: .278em;\n}\n\nmjx-container [space=\"5\"] {\n margin-left: .333em;\n}\n\nmjx-container [rspace=\"1\"] {\n margin-right: .111em;\n}\n\nmjx-container [rspace=\"2\"] {\n margin-right: .167em;\n}\n\nmjx-container [rspace=\"3\"] {\n margin-right: .222em;\n}\n\nmjx-container [rspace=\"4\"] {\n margin-right: .278em;\n}\n\nmjx-container [rspace=\"5\"] {\n margin-right: .333em;\n}\n\nmjx-container [size=\"s\"] {\n font-size: 70.7%;\n}\n\nmjx-container [size=\"ss\"] {\n font-size: 50%;\n}\n\nmjx-container [size=\"Tn\"] {\n font-size: 60%;\n}\n\nmjx-container [size=\"sm\"] {\n font-size: 85%;\n}\n\nmjx-container [size=\"lg\"] {\n font-size: 120%;\n}\n\nmjx-container [size=\"Lg\"] {\n font-size: 144%;\n}\n\nmjx-container [size=\"LG\"] {\n font-size: 173%;\n}\n\nmjx-container [size=\"hg\"] {\n font-size: 207%;\n}\n\nmjx-container [size=\"HG\"] {\n font-size: 249%;\n}\n\nmjx-container [width=\"full\"] {\n width: 100%;\n}\n\nmjx-box {\n display: inline-block;\n}\n\nmjx-block {\n display: block;\n}\n\nmjx-itable {\n display: inline-table;\n}\n\nmjx-row {\n display: table-row;\n}\n\nmjx-row > * {\n display: table-cell;\n}\n\nmjx-mtext {\n display: inline-block;\n}\n\nmjx-mstyle {\n display: inline-block;\n}\n\nmjx-merror {\n display: inline-block;\n color: red;\n background-color: yellow;\n}\n\nmjx-mphantom {\n visibility: hidden;\n}\n\n_::-webkit-full-page-media, _:future, :root mjx-container {\n will-change: opacity;\n}\n\nmjx-math {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n line-height: 0;\n text-indent: 0;\n font-style: normal;\n font-weight: normal;\n font-size: 100%;\n font-size-adjust: none;\n letter-spacing: normal;\n border-collapse: collapse;\n word-wrap: normal;\n word-spacing: normal;\n white-space: nowrap;\n direction: ltr;\n padding: 1px 0;\n}\n\nmjx-container[jax=\"CHTML\"][display=\"true\"] {\n display: block;\n text-align: center;\n margin: 1em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-container[jax=\"CHTML\"][display=\"true\"][width=\"full\"] {\n display: flex;\n}\n\nmjx-container[jax=\"CHTML\"][display=\"true\"] mjx-math {\n padding: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-container[jax=\"CHTML\"][justify=\"left\"] {\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-container[jax=\"CHTML\"][justify=\"right\"] {\n text-align: right;\n}\n\nmjx-semantics {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-mrow {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-mn {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-c {\n display: inline-block;\n}\n\nmjx-utext {\n display: inline-block;\n padding: .75em 0 .2em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-mo {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h {\n display: inline-table;\n width: 100%;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h > * {\n display: table-cell;\n width: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h > * > mjx-c {\n display: inline-block;\n transform: scalex(1.0000001);\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h > * > mjx-c::before {\n display: inline-block;\n width: initial;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h > mjx-ext {\n /* IE */ overflow: hidden;\n /* others */ overflow: clip visible;\n width: 100%;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h > mjx-ext > mjx-c::before {\n transform: scalex(500);\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h > mjx-ext > mjx-c {\n width: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h > mjx-beg > mjx-c {\n margin-right: -.1em;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h > mjx-end > mjx-c {\n margin-left: -.1em;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v {\n display: inline-block;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v > * {\n display: block;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v > mjx-beg {\n height: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v > mjx-end > mjx-c {\n display: block;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v > * > mjx-c {\n transform: scaley(1.0000001);\n transform-origin: left center;\n overflow: hidden;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v > mjx-ext {\n display: block;\n height: 100%;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n border: 0px solid transparent;\n /* IE */ overflow: hidden;\n /* others */ overflow: visible clip;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v > mjx-ext > mjx-c::before {\n width: initial;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v > mjx-ext > mjx-c {\n transform: scaleY(500) translateY(.075em);\n overflow: visible;\n}\n\nmjx-mark {\n display: inline-block;\n height: 0px;\n}\n\nmjx-mfrac {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-frac {\n display: inline-block;\n vertical-align: 0.17em;\n padding: 0 .22em;\n}\n\nmjx-frac[type=\"d\"] {\n vertical-align: .04em;\n}\n\nmjx-frac[delims] {\n padding: 0 .1em;\n}\n\nmjx-frac[atop] {\n padding: 0 .12em;\n}\n\nmjx-frac[atop][delims] {\n padding: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-dtable {\n display: inline-table;\n width: 100%;\n}\n\nmjx-dtable > * {\n font-size: 2000%;\n}\n\nmjx-dbox {\n display: block;\n font-size: 5%;\n}\n\nmjx-num {\n display: block;\n text-align: center;\n}\n\nmjx-den {\n display: block;\n text-align: center;\n}\n\nmjx-mfrac[bevelled] > mjx-num {\n display: inline-block;\n}\n\nmjx-mfrac[bevelled] > mjx-den {\n display: inline-block;\n}\n\nmjx-den[align=\"right\"], mjx-num[align=\"right\"] {\n text-align: right;\n}\n\nmjx-den[align=\"left\"], mjx-num[align=\"left\"] {\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-nstrut {\n display: inline-block;\n height: .054em;\n width: 0;\n vertical-align: -.054em;\n}\n\nmjx-nstrut[type=\"d\"] {\n height: .217em;\n vertical-align: -.217em;\n}\n\nmjx-dstrut {\n display: inline-block;\n height: .505em;\n width: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-dstrut[type=\"d\"] {\n height: .726em;\n}\n\nmjx-line {\n display: block;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n min-height: 1px;\n height: .06em;\n border-top: .06em solid;\n margin: .06em -.1em;\n overflow: hidden;\n}\n\nmjx-line[type=\"d\"] {\n margin: .18em -.1em;\n}\n\nmjx-c::before {\n display: block;\n width: 0;\n}\n\n.MJX-TEX {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;\n}\n\n.TEX-B {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-B;\n}\n\n.TEX-I {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;\n}\n\n.TEX-MI {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-MI;\n}\n\n.TEX-BI {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-BI;\n}\n\n.TEX-S1 {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-S1;\n}\n\n.TEX-S2 {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-S2;\n}\n\n.TEX-S3 {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-S3;\n}\n\n.TEX-S4 {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-S4;\n}\n\n.TEX-A {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-A;\n}\n\n.TEX-C {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-C;\n}\n\n.TEX-CB {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-CB;\n}\n\n.TEX-FR {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-FR;\n}\n\n.TEX-FRB {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-FRB;\n}\n\n.TEX-SS {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-SS;\n}\n\n.TEX-SSB {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-SSB;\n}\n\n.TEX-SSI {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-SSI;\n}\n\n.TEX-SC {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-SC;\n}\n\n.TEX-T {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-T;\n}\n\n.TEX-V {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-V;\n}\n\n.TEX-VB {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-VB;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v mjx-c, mjx-stretchy-h mjx-c {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-S1, MJXTEX-S4, MJXTEX, MJXTEX-A ! important;\n}\n\n@font-face /* 0 */ {\n font-family: MJXZERO;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Zero.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 1 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Main-Regular.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 2 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-B;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Main-Bold.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 3 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-I;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Math-Italic.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 4 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-MI;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Main-Italic.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 5 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-BI;\n src: 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padding: 0.676em 0.5em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"7\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c38::before {\n padding: 0.666em 0.5em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"8\";\n}\n","actionData","errors"]

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