[{"_1":2,"_1318":-5,"_1319":-5},"loaderData",{"_3":4,"_48":49,"_1294":1295,"_1296":1297,"_1303":1304},"root",{"_5":-5,"_6":-5,"_7":8,"_13":14,"_15":-5,"_16":17,"_36":37,"_38":39,"_40":39,"_41":-7,"_42":-7,"_43":44,"_45":39,"_46":-7,"_47":-7},"userBooks","user","dehydratedState",{"_9":10,"_11":12},"mutations",[],"queries",[],"visitId","53f61993-fcbe-4967-a761-27d83f3f56e6","visitorId","keys",{"_18":19,"_20":21,"_22":23,"_24":25,"_26":27,"_28":29,"_30":31,"_32":33,"_34":35},"stripeApiKey","pk_live_51ML42XINZ97i1wQxppx4m2cKj10HX3t8DBuMhJzz6iQORAJMoeNMUN8u2FA1O7qzE2h5uGikk9UHTKlG01QZ9Vdo00LsIsHfvE","recaptchaSiteKey","0x4AAAAAAABQSY38sFdvfoGP","visibleReCaptchaSiteKey","0x4AAAAAAABQSu-VQqhj17Mp","googleTagId","G-14C7WFPWJY","tiktokPixelId","CMEHIL3C77UFIL1R5A00","microsoftClarityId","jk48ry10jk","livechatLicenseId","16584726","metaPixelCode","850447020423713","cloudflareAnalytics","307139b4d5d54a9ea0ed32819373afb5","frontendUrl","https://www.gotowiec.pl","isMobileApp",false,"isMobileBrowser","appVersion","appPlatform","showPremiumWidgets",true,"isLoggedIn","sentryTrace","sentryBaggage","routes/$subjectSlug.$bookSlug",{"_50":51,"_205":206,"_1278":1279},"book",{"_52":53,"_62":63,"_66":67,"_68":69,"_70":71,"_187":188,"_55":189,"_190":191,"_192":193,"_194":-5,"_195":196,"_197":198,"_199":200,"_201":202,"_203":204},"educationStages",[54,59],{"_55":56,"_57":58},"slug","liceum-klasa-1","name","liceum, klasa 1",{"_55":60,"_57":61},"technikum-klasa-1","technikum, klasa 1","subject",{"_57":64,"_55":65},"Biologia","biologia","cover","https://cdn.gotowiec.pl/book-image/16a/807/05f/fac4b678413e6069dcefa84/ozcover_9788326736797%20.jpg","coverThumbnail","https://cdn.gotowiec.pl/book-thumb/a15/ead/10c/c174434a600ece78d2d9876/ozcover_9788326736797%20.webp","pages",[72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186],6,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,"title","Biologia na czasie 1. Maturalne karty pracy zakres rozszerzony","biologia-na-czasie-1-maturalne-karty-pracy-zakres-rozszerzony","shortDescription","

Biologia na czasie 1. Maturalne karty pracy zakres rozszerzony to zeszyt ćwiczeń wydawnictwa Nowa Era przeznaczony dla uczniów liceum ogólnokształcącego i technikum na poziomie klasy 1. Publikacja ta stanowi wartościowe wsparcie w nauce biologii, oferując solidne podstawy do nauki na poziomie rozszerzonym, które pozwolą uczniom lepiej przygotować się do egzaminów maturalnych oraz konkursów biologicznych. Po pierwszych stronach publikacji, uczniowie wprowadzani są w świat badań przyrodniczych, gdzie omawiane są metodyki badań biologicznych oraz obserwacje mikroskopowe. Kolejnym istotnym działem są chemiczne podstawy życia, które obejmują tematy takie jak skład chemiczny organizmów, budowa i funkcje sacharydów, lipidów, aminokwasów oraz kwasów nukleinowych. Dzięki tej książce, uczniowie mogą skutecznie przyswajać treści, jakie wymagane są na lekcjach, mając dostęp do licznych zadań maturalnych. Jeśli szukasz odpowiedzi do zeszyt ćwiczeń lub odrobionych zadań do podręcznika Biologia na czasie 1. Maturalne karty pracy zakres rozszerzony, zapraszamy do odwiedzenia naszej strony. Znajdziesz tam gotowe odpowiedzi, które mogą pomóc w zrozumieniu i przyswojeniu materiału.

","longDescription","

Książka Biologia na czasie 1. Maturalne karty pracy zakres rozszerzony to niezwykle wartościowy zeszyt ćwiczeń przygotowany przez wydawnictwo Nowa Era. Został stworzony z myślą o uczniach pierwszej klasy liceum i technikum, które kładą nacisk na szczegółowe przygotowanie do egzaminów maturalnych z biologii w zakresie rozszerzonym. Na początku książki znajduje się spis treści, który już na wstępie przyciąga uwagę swoją szczegółowością i starannością.

\n\n

Rozpoczynając od działu 'Badania przyrodnicze' znajdziemy w nim tematy kluczowe dla zrozumienia metodologicznych podstaw biologii. Tematy takie jak 'Metodyka badań biologicznych' czy 'Obserwacje mikroskopowe' oferują wprowadzenie do naukowego badania świata przyrody, co stanowi nieocenioną wartość dla każdego ucznia. Kolejnym działem są 'Chemiczne podstawy życia', gdzie uczniowie mają okazję zrozumieć fundamentalne elementy, które tworzą życie. Tematy poruszane w tym dziale, takie jak 'Budowa i funkcje sacharydów' oraz 'Budowa i funkcje lipidów', pozwalają zgłębić tajniki środków odżywczych i ich kluczową rolę w życiu organizmów.

\n\n

Następnie książka przechodzi do omówienia 'Komórki jako podstawowej jednostki życia'. Uczniowie dowiedzą się tutaj, jak złożoną strukturą jest komórka oraz jaką pełni funkcję w całości organizmów. Dzięki szczegółowym rozważaniom na temat 'Budowy i funkcji komórki', 'Transportu przez błony biologiczne' oraz niezbędnych organelli komórkowych jak 'Mitochondria i plastydy', młodzi badacze mogą zgłębić sekret życia komórkowego. Dział związany z 'Metabolizmem' rozwija tę wiedzę, wprowadzając w zagadnienia związane z procesami anabolicznymi oraz katabolicznymi. Odkrywanie procesów takich jak 'Fotosynteza' czy 'Oddychanie komórkowe' przedstawia, jak organizmy przetwarzają energię, co jest kluczowe dla ich przetrwania.

\n\n

Wszystkie te działy kompletują i uzupełniają treści zawarte w podręczniku Biologia na czasie 1, dzięki czemu uczniowie mogą liczyć na rzetelne wsparcie w nauce trudnych zagadnień. Strona gotowiec.pl oferuje odpowiedzi do zeszyt ćwiczeń, co jest idealną pomocą dla tych, którzy pragną zyskać pewność swoich rozwiązań i zrozumienia materiału. Niezależnie od tego, czy interesują Cię gotowe odpowiedzi do książki Biologia na czasie 1. Maturalne karty pracy zakres rozszerzony czy też potrzebujesz PDF z odpowiedziami, gotowiec.pl stanie się Twoim niezastąpionym wsparciem w drodze do sukcesu na maturze.

","seriesTitle","type","exercisebook","publisher","Nowa Era","authors","Barbara Januszewska-Hasiec, Renata Stencel","number","9788326736797","publicationDate","2019-01-01T00:00:00+01:00","bookTOC",[207,220,226,235,244,249,258,265,270,275,280,287,294,301,306,311,316,322,329,334,339,346,352,358,365,370,377,384,391,398,403,408,413,418,425,432,439,446,451,458,465,472,477,484,489,496,503,508,515,520,527,534,539,546,551,558,565,574,579,586,595,610,623,634,645,654,665,678,699,716,731,752,767,786,799,818,831,846,865,888,907,928,945,960,979,996,1011,1026,1049,1072,1091,1106,1121,1136,1155,1168,1173,1178,1183,1188,1193,1200,1207,1212,1217,1222,1229,1234,1239,1246,1251,1256,1263,1268,1273],{"_208":209,"_210":-5,"_211":212},"pageNumber","6","sectionName","solutions",[213],{"_55":214,"_57":215,"_216":217},"1-przyklad","1 (przykład)","defaultAnswer",{"_218":219},"position",2,{"_208":221,"_210":-5,"_211":222},"9",[223],{"_55":224,"_57":224,"_216":225},"1",{"_218":219},{"_208":227,"_210":-5,"_211":228},"10",[229,232],{"_55":230,"_57":230,"_216":231},"2",{"_218":219},{"_55":233,"_57":233,"_216":234},"3",{"_218":219},{"_208":236,"_210":-5,"_211":237},"12",[238,241],{"_55":239,"_57":239,"_216":240},"4",{"_218":219},{"_55":242,"_57":242,"_216":243},"5",{"_218":219},{"_208":245,"_210":-5,"_211":246},"13",[247],{"_55":209,"_57":209,"_216":248},{"_218":219},{"_208":250,"_210":-5,"_211":251},"14",[252,255],{"_55":253,"_57":253,"_216":254},"7",{"_218":219},{"_55":256,"_57":256,"_216":257},"8",{"_218":219},{"_208":259,"_210":-5,"_211":260},"15",[261,263],{"_55":224,"_57":224,"_216":262},{"_218":219},{"_55":230,"_57":230,"_216":264},{"_218":219},{"_208":266,"_210":-5,"_211":267},"16",[268],{"_55":233,"_57":233,"_216":269},{"_218":219},{"_208":271,"_210":-5,"_211":272},"17",[273],{"_55":214,"_57":215,"_216":274},{"_218":219},{"_208":276,"_210":-5,"_211":277},"20",[278],{"_55":224,"_57":224,"_216":279},{"_218":219},{"_208":281,"_210":-5,"_211":282},"21",[283,285],{"_55":230,"_57":230,"_216":284},{"_218":219},{"_55":233,"_57":233,"_216":286},{"_218":219},{"_208":288,"_210":-5,"_211":289},"22",[290,292],{"_55":239,"_57":239,"_216":291},{"_218":219},{"_55":242,"_57":242,"_216":293},{"_218":219},{"_208":295,"_210":-5,"_211":296},"23",[297,299],{"_55":209,"_57":209,"_216":298},{"_218":219},{"_55":253,"_57":253,"_216":300},{"_218":219},{"_208":302,"_210":-5,"_211":303},"24",[304],{"_55":256,"_57":256,"_216":305},{"_218":219},{"_208":307,"_210":-5,"_211":308},"25",[309],{"_55":221,"_57":221,"_216":310},{"_218":219},{"_208":312,"_210":-5,"_211":313},"26",[314],{"_55":227,"_57":227,"_216":315},{"_218":219},{"_208":317,"_210":-5,"_211":318},"27",[319],{"_55":320,"_57":320,"_216":321},"11",{"_218":219},{"_208":323,"_210":-5,"_211":324},"28",[325,327],{"_55":236,"_57":236,"_216":326},{"_218":219},{"_55":245,"_57":245,"_216":328},{"_218":219},{"_208":330,"_210":-5,"_211":331},"29",[332],{"_55":250,"_57":250,"_216":333},{"_218":219},{"_208":335,"_210":-5,"_211":336},"30",[337],{"_55":259,"_57":259,"_216":338},{"_218":219},{"_208":340,"_210":-5,"_211":341},"31",[342,344],{"_55":266,"_57":266,"_216":343},{"_218":219},{"_55":271,"_57":271,"_216":345},{"_218":219},{"_208":347,"_210":-5,"_211":348},"32",[349],{"_55":350,"_57":350,"_216":351},"18",{"_218":219},{"_208":353,"_210":-5,"_211":354},"33",[355],{"_55":356,"_57":356,"_216":357},"19",{"_218":219},{"_208":359,"_210":-5,"_211":360},"34",[361,363],{"_55":276,"_57":276,"_216":362},{"_218":219},{"_55":281,"_57":281,"_216":364},{"_218":219},{"_208":366,"_210":-5,"_211":367},"35",[368],{"_55":288,"_57":288,"_216":369},{"_218":219},{"_208":371,"_210":-5,"_211":372},"36",[373,375],{"_55":295,"_57":295,"_216":374},{"_218":219},{"_55":302,"_57":302,"_216":376},{"_218":219},{"_208":378,"_210":-5,"_211":379},"37",[380,382],{"_55":307,"_57":307,"_216":381},{"_218":219},{"_55":312,"_57":312,"_216":383},{"_218":219},{"_208":385,"_210":-5,"_211":386},"38",[387,389],{"_55":224,"_57":224,"_216":388},{"_218":219},{"_55":230,"_57":230,"_216":390},{"_218":219},{"_208":392,"_210":-5,"_211":393},"39",[394,396],{"_55":233,"_57":233,"_216":395},{"_218":219},{"_55":239,"_57":239,"_216":397},{"_218":219},{"_208":399,"_210":-5,"_211":400},"40",[401],{"_55":242,"_57":242,"_216":402},{"_218":219},{"_208":404,"_210":-5,"_211":405},"41",[406],{"_55":214,"_57":215,"_216":407},{"_218":219},{"_208":409,"_210":-5,"_211":410},"44",[411],{"_55":224,"_57":224,"_216":412},{"_218":219},{"_208":414,"_210":-5,"_211":415},"45",[416],{"_55":230,"_57":230,"_216":417},{"_218":219},{"_208":419,"_210":-5,"_211":420},"46",[421,423],{"_55":233,"_57":233,"_216":422},{"_218":219},{"_55":239,"_57":239,"_216":424},{"_218":219},{"_208":426,"_210":-5,"_211":427},"47",[428,430],{"_55":242,"_57":242,"_216":429},{"_218":219},{"_55":209,"_57":209,"_216":431},{"_218":219},{"_208":433,"_210":-5,"_211":434},"48",[435,437],{"_55":253,"_57":253,"_216":436},{"_218":219},{"_55":256,"_57":256,"_216":438},{"_218":219},{"_208":440,"_210":-5,"_211":441},"49",[442,444],{"_55":221,"_57":221,"_216":443},{"_218":219},{"_55":227,"_57":227,"_216":445},{"_218":219},{"_208":447,"_210":-5,"_211":448},"50",[449],{"_55":320,"_57":320,"_216":450},{"_218":219},{"_208":452,"_210":-5,"_211":453},"51",[454,456],{"_55":236,"_57":236,"_216":455},{"_218":219},{"_55":245,"_57":245,"_216":457},{"_218":219},{"_208":459,"_210":-5,"_211":460},"52",[461,463],{"_55":250,"_57":250,"_216":462},{"_218":219},{"_55":259,"_57":259,"_216":464},{"_218":219},{"_208":466,"_210":-5,"_211":467},"53",[468,470],{"_55":266,"_57":266,"_216":469},{"_218":219},{"_55":271,"_57":271,"_216":471},{"_218":219},{"_208":473,"_210":-5,"_211":474},"54",[475],{"_55":350,"_57":350,"_216":476},{"_218":219},{"_208":478,"_210":-5,"_211":479},"55",[480,482],{"_55":356,"_57":356,"_216":481},{"_218":219},{"_55":276,"_57":276,"_216":483},{"_218":219},{"_208":485,"_210":-5,"_211":486},"56",[487],{"_55":281,"_57":281,"_216":488},{"_218":219},{"_208":490,"_210":-5,"_211":491},"57",[492,494],{"_55":288,"_57":288,"_216":493},{"_218":219},{"_55":295,"_57":295,"_216":495},{"_218":219},{"_208":497,"_210":-5,"_211":498},"58",[499,501],{"_55":302,"_57":302,"_216":500},{"_218":219},{"_55":307,"_57":307,"_216":502},{"_218":219},{"_208":504,"_210":-5,"_211":505},"59",[506],{"_55":312,"_57":312,"_216":507},{"_218":219},{"_208":509,"_210":-5,"_211":510},"60",[511,513],{"_55":317,"_57":317,"_216":512},{"_218":219},{"_55":323,"_57":323,"_216":514},{"_218":219},{"_208":516,"_210":-5,"_211":517},"61",[518],{"_55":330,"_57":330,"_216":519},{"_218":219},{"_208":521,"_210":-5,"_211":522},"62",[523,525],{"_55":335,"_57":335,"_216":524},{"_218":219},{"_55":340,"_57":340,"_216":526},{"_218":219},{"_208":528,"_210":-5,"_211":529},"63",[530,532],{"_55":347,"_57":347,"_216":531},{"_218":219},{"_55":353,"_57":353,"_216":533},{"_218":219},{"_208":535,"_210":-5,"_211":536},"64",[537],{"_55":359,"_57":359,"_216":538},{"_218":219},{"_208":540,"_210":-5,"_211":541},"65",[542,544],{"_55":366,"_57":366,"_216":543},{"_218":219},{"_55":371,"_57":371,"_216":545},{"_218":219},{"_208":547,"_210":-5,"_211":548},"66",[549],{"_55":378,"_57":378,"_216":550},{"_218":219},{"_208":552,"_210":-5,"_211":553},"67",[554,556],{"_55":385,"_57":385,"_216":555},{"_218":219},{"_55":392,"_57":392,"_216":557},{"_218":219},{"_208":559,"_210":-5,"_211":560},"68",[561,563],{"_55":399,"_57":399,"_216":562},{"_218":219},{"_55":404,"_57":404,"_216":564},{"_218":219},{"_208":566,"_210":-5,"_211":567},"69",[568,571],{"_55":569,"_57":569,"_216":570},"42",{"_218":219},{"_55":572,"_57":572,"_216":573},"43",{"_218":219},{"_208":575,"_210":-5,"_211":576},"70",[577],{"_55":409,"_57":409,"_216":578},{"_218":219},{"_208":580,"_210":-5,"_211":581},"71",[582,584],{"_55":414,"_57":414,"_216":583},{"_218":219},{"_55":419,"_57":419,"_216":585},{"_218":219},{"_208":587,"_210":-5,"_211":588},"72",[589,591],{"_55":224,"_57":224,"_216":590},{"_218":219},{"_55":592,"_57":593,"_216":594},"2-1","2.1",{"_218":219},{"_208":596,"_210":-5,"_211":597},"73",[598,602,606],{"_55":599,"_57":600,"_216":601},"2-2","2.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":603,"_57":604,"_216":605},"3-1","3.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":607,"_57":608,"_216":609},"3-2","3.2",{"_218":219},{"_208":611,"_210":-5,"_211":612},"74",[613,617,621],{"_55":614,"_57":615,"_216":616},"4-1","4.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":618,"_57":619,"_216":620},"4-2","4.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":242,"_57":242,"_216":622},{"_218":219},{"_208":624,"_210":-5,"_211":625},"75",[626,630],{"_55":627,"_57":628,"_216":629},"1-1","1.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":631,"_57":632,"_216":633},"1-2","1.2",{"_218":219},{"_208":635,"_210":-5,"_211":636},"76",[637,641],{"_55":638,"_57":639,"_216":640},"1-3","1.3",{"_218":219},{"_55":642,"_57":643,"_216":644},"1-4","1.4",{"_218":219},{"_208":646,"_210":-5,"_211":647},"78",[648,650,652],{"_55":627,"_57":628,"_216":649},{"_218":219},{"_55":631,"_57":632,"_216":651},{"_218":219},{"_55":638,"_57":639,"_216":653},{"_218":219},{"_208":655,"_210":-5,"_211":656},"79",[657,659,661],{"_55":592,"_57":593,"_216":658},{"_218":219},{"_55":599,"_57":600,"_216":660},{"_218":219},{"_55":662,"_57":663,"_216":664},"2-3","2.3",{"_218":219},{"_208":666,"_210":-5,"_211":667},"80",[668,670,672,676],{"_55":603,"_57":604,"_216":669},{"_218":219},{"_55":607,"_57":608,"_216":671},{"_218":219},{"_55":673,"_57":674,"_216":675},"3-3","3.3",{"_218":219},{"_55":614,"_57":615,"_216":677},{"_218":219},{"_208":679,"_210":-5,"_211":680},"81",[681,683,687,691,695],{"_55":618,"_57":619,"_216":682},{"_218":219},{"_55":684,"_57":685,"_216":686},"5-1","5.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":688,"_57":689,"_216":690},"5-2","5.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":692,"_57":693,"_216":694},"5-3","5.3",{"_218":219},{"_55":696,"_57":697,"_216":698},"5-4","5.4",{"_218":219},{"_208":700,"_210":-5,"_211":701},"82",[702,706,710,714],{"_55":703,"_57":704,"_216":705},"6-1","6.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":707,"_57":708,"_216":709},"6-2","6.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":711,"_57":712,"_216":713},"6-3","6.3",{"_218":219},{"_55":253,"_57":253,"_216":715},{"_218":219},{"_208":717,"_210":-5,"_211":718},"83",[719,723,727],{"_55":720,"_57":721,"_216":722},"8-1","8.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":724,"_57":725,"_216":726},"8-2","8.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":728,"_57":729,"_216":730},"8-3","8.3",{"_218":219},{"_208":732,"_210":-5,"_211":733},"84",[734,738,742,746,750],{"_55":735,"_57":736,"_216":737},"9-1","9.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":739,"_57":740,"_216":741},"9-2","9.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":743,"_57":744,"_216":745},"9-3","9.3",{"_218":219},{"_55":747,"_57":748,"_216":749},"9-4","9.4",{"_218":219},{"_55":227,"_57":227,"_216":751},{"_218":219},{"_208":753,"_210":-5,"_211":754},"85",[755,759,763],{"_55":756,"_57":757,"_216":758},"11-1","11.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":760,"_57":761,"_216":762},"11-2","11.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":764,"_57":765,"_216":766},"11-3","11.3",{"_218":219},{"_208":768,"_210":-5,"_211":769},"86",[770,774,778,782],{"_55":771,"_57":772,"_216":773},"12-1","12.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":775,"_57":776,"_216":777},"12-2","12.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":779,"_57":780,"_216":781},"13-1","13.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":783,"_57":784,"_216":785},"13-2","13.2",{"_218":219},{"_208":787,"_210":-5,"_211":788},"87",[789,793,797],{"_55":790,"_57":791,"_216":792},"14-1","14.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":794,"_57":795,"_216":796},"14-2","14.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":259,"_57":259,"_216":798},{"_218":219},{"_208":800,"_210":-5,"_211":801},"88",[802,806,810,814],{"_55":803,"_57":804,"_216":805},"16-1","16.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":807,"_57":808,"_216":809},"16-2","16.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":811,"_57":812,"_216":813},"17-1","17.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":815,"_57":816,"_216":817},"17-2","17.2",{"_218":219},{"_208":819,"_210":-5,"_211":820},"89",[821,825,829],{"_55":822,"_57":823,"_216":824},"18-1","18.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":826,"_57":827,"_216":828},"18-2","18.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":356,"_57":356,"_216":830},{"_218":219},{"_208":832,"_210":-5,"_211":833},"90",[834,838,842],{"_55":835,"_57":836,"_216":837},"20-1","20.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":839,"_57":840,"_216":841},"20-2","20.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":843,"_57":844,"_216":845},"21-1","21.1",{"_218":219},{"_208":847,"_210":-5,"_211":848},"91",[849,853,857,861],{"_55":850,"_57":851,"_216":852},"21-2","21.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":854,"_57":855,"_216":856},"22-1","22.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":858,"_57":859,"_216":860},"22-2","22.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":862,"_57":863,"_216":864},"22-3","22.3",{"_218":219},{"_208":866,"_210":-5,"_211":867},"92",[868,872,876,880,884],{"_55":869,"_57":870,"_216":871},"23-1","23.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":873,"_57":874,"_216":875},"23-2","23.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":877,"_57":878,"_216":879},"23-3","23.3",{"_218":219},{"_55":881,"_57":882,"_216":883},"23-4","23.4",{"_218":219},{"_55":885,"_57":886,"_216":887},"23-5","23.5",{"_218":219},{"_208":889,"_210":-5,"_211":890},"93",[891,895,899,903],{"_55":892,"_57":893,"_216":894},"24-1","24.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":896,"_57":897,"_216":898},"24-2","24.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":900,"_57":901,"_216":902},"25-1","25.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":904,"_57":905,"_216":906},"25-2","25.2",{"_218":219},{"_208":908,"_210":-5,"_211":909},"94",[910,914,918,922,926],{"_55":911,"_57":912,"_216":913},"25-3","25.3",{"_218":219},{"_55":915,"_57":916,"_216":917},"26-1","26.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":919,"_57":920,"_216":921},"26-2","26.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":923,"_57":924,"_216":925},"26-3","26.3",{"_218":219},{"_55":317,"_57":317,"_216":927},{"_218":219},{"_208":929,"_210":-5,"_211":930},"95",[931,933,937,941],{"_55":323,"_57":323,"_216":932},{"_218":219},{"_55":934,"_57":935,"_216":936},"29-1","29.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":938,"_57":939,"_216":940},"29-2","29.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":942,"_57":943,"_216":944},"29-3","29.3",{"_218":219},{"_208":946,"_210":-5,"_211":947},"96",[948,952,956],{"_55":949,"_57":950,"_216":951},"30-1","30.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":953,"_57":954,"_216":955},"30-2","30.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":957,"_57":958,"_216":959},"30-3","30.3",{"_218":219},{"_208":961,"_210":-5,"_211":962},"97",[963,967,971,975],{"_55":964,"_57":965,"_216":966},"30-4","30.4",{"_218":219},{"_55":968,"_57":969,"_216":970},"30-5","30.5",{"_218":219},{"_55":972,"_57":973,"_216":974},"31-1","31.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":976,"_57":977,"_216":978},"31-2","31.2",{"_218":219},{"_208":980,"_210":-5,"_211":981},"98",[982,984,988,992],{"_55":347,"_57":347,"_216":983},{"_218":219},{"_55":985,"_57":986,"_216":987},"33-1","33.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":989,"_57":990,"_216":991},"33-2","33.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":993,"_57":994,"_216":995},"33-3","33.3",{"_218":219},{"_208":997,"_210":-5,"_211":998},"99",[999,1003,1007],{"_55":1000,"_57":1001,"_216":1002},"34-1","34.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":1004,"_57":1005,"_216":1006},"34-2","34.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":1008,"_57":1009,"_216":1010},"34-3","34.3",{"_218":219},{"_208":1012,"_210":-5,"_211":1013},"100",[1014,1018,1022],{"_55":1015,"_57":1016,"_216":1017},"35-1","35.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":1019,"_57":1020,"_216":1021},"35-2","35.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":1023,"_57":1024,"_216":1025},"35-3","35.3",{"_218":219},{"_208":1027,"_210":-5,"_211":1028},"101",[1029,1033,1037,1041,1045],{"_55":1030,"_57":1031,"_216":1032},"36-1","36.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":1034,"_57":1035,"_216":1036},"36-2","36.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":1038,"_57":1039,"_216":1040},"36-3","36.3",{"_218":219},{"_55":1042,"_57":1043,"_216":1044},"36-4","36.4",{"_218":219},{"_55":1046,"_57":1047,"_216":1048},"36-5","36.5",{"_218":219},{"_208":1050,"_210":-5,"_211":1051},"102",[1052,1056,1060,1064,1068],{"_55":1053,"_57":1054,"_216":1055},"37-1","37.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":1057,"_57":1058,"_216":1059},"37-2","37.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":1061,"_57":1062,"_216":1063},"37-3","37.3",{"_218":219},{"_55":1065,"_57":1066,"_216":1067},"38-1","38.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":1069,"_57":1070,"_216":1071},"38-2","38.2",{"_218":219},{"_208":1073,"_210":-5,"_211":1074},"103",[1075,1079,1083,1087],{"_55":1076,"_57":1077,"_216":1078},"38-3","38.3",{"_218":219},{"_55":1080,"_57":1081,"_216":1082},"39-1","39.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":1084,"_57":1085,"_216":1086},"39-2","39.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":1088,"_57":1089,"_216":1090},"39-3","39.3",{"_218":219},{"_208":1092,"_210":-5,"_211":1093},"104",[1094,1098,1102],{"_55":1095,"_57":1096,"_216":1097},"40-1","40.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":1099,"_57":1100,"_216":1101},"40-2","40.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":1103,"_57":1104,"_216":1105},"40-3","40.3",{"_218":219},{"_208":1107,"_210":-5,"_211":1108},"105",[1109,1113,1117],{"_55":1110,"_57":1111,"_216":1112},"41-1","41.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":1114,"_57":1115,"_216":1116},"41-2","41.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":1118,"_57":1119,"_216":1120},"41-3","41.3",{"_218":219},{"_208":1122,"_210":-5,"_211":1123},"106",[1124,1128,1132],{"_55":1125,"_57":1126,"_216":1127},"42-1","42.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":1129,"_57":1130,"_216":1131},"42-2","42.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":1133,"_57":1134,"_216":1135},"42-3","42.3",{"_218":219},{"_208":1137,"_210":-5,"_211":1138},"107",[1139,1143,1147,1151],{"_55":1140,"_57":1141,"_216":1142},"43-1","43.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":1144,"_57":1145,"_216":1146},"43-2","43.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":1148,"_57":1149,"_216":1150},"43-3","43.3",{"_218":219},{"_55":1152,"_57":1153,"_216":1154},"43-4","43.4",{"_218":219},{"_208":1156,"_210":-5,"_211":1157},"108",[1158,1162,1166],{"_55":1159,"_57":1160,"_216":1161},"44-1","44.1",{"_218":219},{"_55":1163,"_57":1164,"_216":1165},"44-2","44.2",{"_218":219},{"_55":414,"_57":414,"_216":1167},{"_218":219},{"_208":1169,"_210":-5,"_211":1170},"109",[1171],{"_55":224,"_57":224,"_216":1172},{"_218":219},{"_208":1174,"_210":-5,"_211":1175},"110",[1176],{"_55":230,"_57":230,"_216":1177},{"_218":219},{"_208":1179,"_210":-5,"_211":1180},"111",[1181],{"_55":233,"_57":233,"_216":1182},{"_218":219},{"_208":1184,"_210":-5,"_211":1185},"112",[1186],{"_55":224,"_57":224,"_216":1187},{"_218":219},{"_208":1189,"_210":-5,"_211":1190},"113",[1191],{"_55":230,"_57":230,"_216":1192},{"_218":219},{"_208":1194,"_210":-5,"_211":1195},"114",[1196,1198],{"_55":233,"_57":233,"_216":1197},{"_218":219},{"_55":239,"_57":239,"_216":1199},{"_218":219},{"_208":1201,"_210":-5,"_211":1202},"115",[1203,1205],{"_55":242,"_57":242,"_216":1204},{"_218":219},{"_55":209,"_57":209,"_216":1206},{"_218":219},{"_208":1208,"_210":-5,"_211":1209},"116",[1210],{"_55":253,"_57":253,"_216":1211},{"_218":219},{"_208":1213,"_210":-5,"_211":1214},"117",[1215],{"_55":256,"_57":256,"_216":1216},{"_218":219},{"_208":1218,"_210":-5,"_211":1219},"118",[1220],{"_55":221,"_57":221,"_216":1221},{"_218":219},{"_208":1223,"_210":-5,"_211":1224},"119",[1225,1227],{"_55":227,"_57":227,"_216":1226},{"_218":219},{"_55":320,"_57":320,"_216":1228},{"_218":219},{"_208":1230,"_210":-5,"_211":1231},"120",[1232],{"_55":236,"_57":236,"_216":1233},{"_218":219},{"_208":1235,"_210":-5,"_211":1236},"121",[1237],{"_55":245,"_57":245,"_216":1238},{"_218":219},{"_208":1240,"_210":-5,"_211":1241},"122",[1242,1244],{"_55":250,"_57":250,"_216":1243},{"_218":219},{"_55":259,"_57":259,"_216":1245},{"_218":219},{"_208":1247,"_210":-5,"_211":1248},"123",[1249],{"_55":266,"_57":266,"_216":1250},{"_218":219},{"_208":1252,"_210":-5,"_211":1253},"124",[1254],{"_55":271,"_57":271,"_216":1255},{"_218":219},{"_208":1257,"_210":-5,"_211":1258},"125",[1259,1261],{"_55":350,"_57":350,"_216":1260},{"_218":219},{"_55":356,"_57":356,"_216":1262},{"_218":219},{"_208":1264,"_210":-5,"_211":1265},"126",[1266],{"_55":276,"_57":276,"_216":1267},{"_218":219},{"_208":1269,"_210":-5,"_211":1270},"127",[1271],{"_55":281,"_57":281,"_216":1272},{"_218":219},{"_208":1274,"_210":-5,"_211":1275},"128",[1276],{"_55":288,"_57":288,"_216":1277},{"_218":219},"solution",{"_1280":1281,"_55":224,"_201":224,"_1282":1283,"_1284":1285},"foreignId","f678fd98-075a-4ea1-a6cb-bfd570220acb","questions","Zadanie 1. Temat 3.1. Komórki mogą mieć różne rozmiary – największe z nich są widoczne gołym okiem, np. ptasie jaja, natomiast najmniejsze można oglądać tylko pod mikroskopem. Komórki różnią się też wy- glądem, ale większość z nich ma kształt zbliżony do kuli lub sześcianu. Poniższy wykres przedstawia porównanie powierzchni sześcianu z jego objętością. powierzchnia sześcianu 24 18 12 10 3 4 5 objętość sześcianu","answers",[1286,1290,1291],{"_218":1287,"_1288":1289},1,"access","premium",{"_218":219,"_1288":1289},{"_218":1292,"_1288":1293},3,"logged_in","routes/$subjectSlug.$bookSlug.$pageNumber",{},"routes/$subjectSlug.$bookSlug.$pageNumber.$solutionSlug",{"_1278":1298},{"_1280":1281,"_55":224,"_201":224,"_1282":1283,"_1284":1299},[1300,1301,1302],{"_218":1287,"_1288":1289},{"_218":219,"_1288":1289},{"_218":1292,"_1288":1293},"routes/$subjectSlug.$bookSlug.$pageNumber.$solutionSlug.$answerPosition",{"_1305":1306,"_1307":1308,"_1312":1313},"comments",[],"visit",{"_13":1309,"_15":1310,"_1311":39},"e20a7cd0-ff3c-4b9c-8512-75127a6084fd","rUIEBB6W70uhxr7hNe6PIQ","visibleReCaptcha","excerpt",{"_1314":1315,"_1316":1317},"content","

1.1.

\r\n\r\n

Odpowiedzią na te rozważania jest stosunek powierzchni do objętości. Małe komórki posiadają duży stosunek powierzchni do objętości oznacza to, że stosunkowo duża powierzchnia przypada na niewielką

","stylesheet","\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D456.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.661em 0.345em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"i\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c49::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.361em 0 0;\n content: \"I\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c20::before {\n padding: 0 0.25em 0 0;\n content: \" \";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c394::before {\n padding: 0.716em 0.833em 0 0;\n content: \"\\394\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D7D5.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.676em 0.575em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"7\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2260::before {\n padding: 0.716em 0.778em 0.215em 0;\n content: \"\\2260\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-stretchy-h.mjx-c23DF mjx-beg mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\E152\";\n padding: 0.32em 0 0.2em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h.mjx-c23DF mjx-ext mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\E154\";\n padding: 0.32em 0 0.2em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h.mjx-c23DF mjx-end mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\E153\";\n padding: 0.32em 0 0.2em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h.mjx-c23DF mjx-mid mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\E151\\E150\";\n padding: 0.32em 0 0.2em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h.mjx-c23DF > mjx-ext {\n width: 50%;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c7B.TEX-S4::before {\n padding: 1.75em 0.806em 1.249em 0;\n content: \"{\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7B mjx-beg mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\23A7\";\n padding: 0.899em 0.889em 0.01em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7B mjx-ext mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\23AA\";\n width: 0.889em;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7B mjx-end mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\23A9\";\n padding: 0.01em 0.889em 0.899em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7B mjx-mid mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\23A8\";\n padding: 1.16em 0.889em 0.66em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7B > mjx-mid {\n margin-top: -0.91em;\n margin-bottom: -0.91em;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7B > mjx-end {\n margin-top: -0.909em;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7B > mjx-ext {\n height: 50%;\n border-top-width: 0.879em;\n border-bottom-width: 0.879em;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c57::before {\n padding: 0.683em 1.028em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"W\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D444.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.704em 0.791em 0.194em 0;\n content: \"Q\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D45C.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.441em 0.485em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"o\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D462.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.572em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"u\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c75::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.556em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"u\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c76::before {\n padding: 0.431em 0.528em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"v\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D467.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.465em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"z\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c78::before {\n padding: 0.431em 0.528em 0 0;\n content: \"x\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c6A::before {\n padding: 0.669em 0.306em 0.205em 0;\n content: \"j\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D7CF.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.655em 0.575em 0 0;\n content: \"1\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D7D2.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.656em 0.575em 0 0;\n content: \"4\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D7D4.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.655em 0.575em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"6\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D44A.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 1.048em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"W\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c4D::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.917em 0 0;\n content: \"M\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c4C::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.625em 0 0;\n content: \"L\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2222.TEX-A::before {\n padding: 0.551em 0.722em 0.051em 0;\n content: \"\\2222\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D441.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.888em 0 0;\n content: \"N\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c7C mjx-ext mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\2223\";\n width: 0.333em;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D464.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.443em 0.716em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"w\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D7D1.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.655em 0.575em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"3\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c7B.TEX-S3::before {\n padding: 1.45em 0.75em 0.949em 0;\n content: \"{\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D45E.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.46em 0.194em 0;\n content: \"q\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D448.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.767em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"U\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c71::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.528em 0.194em 0;\n content: \"q\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D43D.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.633em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"J\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D452.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.466em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"e\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2206::before {\n padding: 0.716em 0.833em 0 0;\n content: \"\\394\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c221A.TEX-S3::before {\n padding: 1.45em 1.02em 0.95em 0;\n content: \"\\221A\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c221A.TEX-S4::before {\n padding: 1.75em 1.02em 1.25em 0;\n content: \"\\221A\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c4B::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.778em 0 0;\n content: \"K\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-cF7::before {\n padding: 0.537em 0.778em 0.036em 0;\n content: \"\\F7\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c68::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.556em 0 0;\n content: \"h\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c3F::before {\n padding: 0.705em 0.472em 0 0;\n content: \"?\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D44B.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.852em 0 0;\n content: \"X\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c221E::before {\n padding: 0.442em 1em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"\\221E\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2265::before {\n padding: 0.636em 0.778em 0.138em 0;\n content: \"\\2265\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c7B::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.5em 0.25em 0;\n content: \"{\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c7D::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.5em 0.25em 0;\n content: \"}\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c221A.TEX-S2::before {\n padding: 1.15em 1.02em 0.65em 0;\n content: \"\\221A\";\n}\n\nmjx-maction {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n position: relative;\n}\n\nmjx-maction > mjx-tool {\n display: none;\n position: absolute;\n bottom: 0;\n right: 0;\n width: 0;\n height: 0;\n z-index: 500;\n}\n\nmjx-tool > mjx-tip {\n display: inline-block;\n padding: .2em;\n border: 1px solid #888;\n font-size: 70%;\n background-color: #F8F8F8;\n color: black;\n box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px #AAAAAA;\n}\n\nmjx-maction[toggle] {\n cursor: pointer;\n}\n\nmjx-status {\n display: block;\n position: fixed;\n left: 1em;\n bottom: 1em;\n min-width: 25%;\n padding: .2em .4em;\n border: 1px solid #888;\n font-size: 90%;\n background-color: #F8F8F8;\n color: black;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D7D3.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.655em 0.575em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"5\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D7D7.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.654em 0.575em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"9\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D41C.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.453em 0.511em 0.006em 0;\n content: \"c\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D426.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.45em 0.958em 0 0;\n content: \"m\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D7D0.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.654em 0.575em 0 0;\n content: \"2\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c22A5::before {\n padding: 0.668em 0.778em 0 0;\n content: \"\\22A5\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2220::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.722em 0 0;\n content: \"\\2220\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c50::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.681em 0 0;\n content: \"P\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c221E::before {\n padding: 0.442em 1em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"\\221E\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c222A::before {\n padding: 0.598em 0.667em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"\\222A\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D459.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.298em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"l\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D446.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.705em 0.645em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"S\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c28.TEX-S3::before {\n padding: 1.45em 0.736em 0.949em 0;\n content: \"(\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c29.TEX-S3::before {\n padding: 1.45em 0.736em 0.949em 0;\n content: \")\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2115.TEX-A::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.722em 0.02em 0;\n content: \"N\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c21D2::before {\n padding: 0.525em 1em 0.024em 0;\n content: \"\\21D2\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D41B.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.639em 0.006em 0;\n content: \"b\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D427.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.45em 0.639em 0 0;\n content: \"n\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c3B::before {\n padding: 0.43em 0.278em 0.194em 0;\n content: \";\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c65::before {\n padding: 0.448em 0.444em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"e\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D41A.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.453em 0.559em 0.006em 0;\n content: \"a\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c3D.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.393em 0.894em 0 0;\n content: \"=\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2212.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.281em 0.894em 0 0;\n content: \"\\2212\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D7D6.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.654em 0.575em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"8\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D41F.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.7em 0.452em 0 0;\n content: \"f\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D431.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.444em 0.607em 0 0;\n content: \"x\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c3B.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.444em 0.319em 0.194em 0;\n content: \";\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-cA0::before {\n padding: 0 0.25em 0 0;\n content: \"\\A0\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D403.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.686em 0.882em 0 0;\n content: \"D\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D411.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.686em 0.862em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"R\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2F.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.575em 0.25em 0;\n content: \"/\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c7B.TEX-S1::before {\n padding: 0.85em 0.583em 0.349em 0;\n content: \"{\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D7CE.TEX-B::before {\n padding: 0.654em 0.575em 0.01em 0;\n content: \"0\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c7D.TEX-S1::before {\n padding: 0.85em 0.583em 0.349em 0;\n content: \"}\";\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c21::before {\n padding: 0.716em 0.278em 0 0;\n content: \"!\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2026::before {\n padding: 0.12em 1.172em 0 0;\n content: \"\\2026\";\n}\n\nmjx-mroot {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-root {\n display: inline-block;\n white-space: nowrap;\n}\n\nmjx-surd {\n display: inline-block;\n vertical-align: top;\n}\n\nmjx-sqrt {\n display: inline-block;\n padding-top: .07em;\n}\n\nmjx-sqrt > mjx-box {\n border-top: .07em solid;\n}\n\nmjx-sqrt.mjx-tall > mjx-box {\n padding-left: .3em;\n margin-left: -.3em;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2264::before {\n padding: 0.636em 0.778em 0.138em 0;\n content: \"\\2264\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c221A.TEX-S1::before {\n padding: 0.85em 1.02em 0.35em 0;\n content: \"\\221A\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D449.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.769em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"V\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D440.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 1.051em 0 0;\n content: \"M\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c74::before {\n padding: 0.615em 0.389em 0.01em 0;\n content: \"t\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c77::before {\n padding: 0.431em 0.722em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"w\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D454.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.477em 0.205em 0;\n content: \"g\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D451.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.52em 0.01em 0;\n content: \"d\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D435.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.759em 0 0;\n content: \"B\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D439.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.68em 0.749em 0 0;\n content: \"F\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D43A.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.705em 0.786em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"G\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D458.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.521em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"k\";\n}\n\nmjx-mpadded {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-rbox {\n display: inline-block;\n position: relative;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n position: relative;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-dstrike {\n display: inline-block;\n left: 0;\n top: 0;\n position: absolute;\n border-top: 0.067em solid;\n transform-origin: top left;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-ustrike {\n display: inline-block;\n left: 0;\n bottom: 0;\n position: absolute;\n border-top: 0.067em solid;\n transform-origin: bottom left;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-hstrike {\n border-top: 0.067em solid;\n position: absolute;\n left: 0;\n right: 0;\n bottom: 50%;\n transform: translateY(0.034em);\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-vstrike {\n border-left: 0.067em solid;\n position: absolute;\n top: 0;\n bottom: 0;\n right: 50%;\n transform: translateX(0.034em);\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-rbox {\n position: absolute;\n top: 0;\n bottom: 0;\n right: 0;\n left: 0;\n border: 0.067em solid;\n border-radius: 0.267em;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-cbox {\n position: absolute;\n top: 0;\n bottom: 0;\n right: 0;\n left: 0;\n border: 0.067em solid;\n border-radius: 50%;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-arrow {\n position: absolute;\n left: 0;\n bottom: 50%;\n height: 0;\n width: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-arrow > * {\n display: block;\n position: absolute;\n transform-origin: bottom;\n border-left: 0.268em solid;\n border-right: 0;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-arrow > mjx-aline {\n left: 0;\n top: -0.034em;\n right: 0.201em;\n height: 0;\n border-top: 0.067em solid;\n border-left: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-arrow[double] > mjx-aline {\n left: 0.201em;\n height: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-arrow > mjx-rthead {\n transform: skewX(0.464rad);\n right: 0;\n bottom: -1px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;\n border-top: 0.134em solid transparent;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-arrow > mjx-rbhead {\n transform: skewX(-0.464rad);\n transform-origin: top;\n right: 0;\n top: -1px;\n border-top: 1px solid transparent;\n border-bottom: 0.134em solid transparent;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-arrow > mjx-lthead {\n transform: skewX(-0.464rad);\n left: 0;\n bottom: -1px;\n border-left: 0;\n border-right: 0.268em solid;\n border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;\n border-top: 0.134em solid transparent;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > mjx-arrow > mjx-lbhead {\n transform: skewX(0.464rad);\n transform-origin: top;\n left: 0;\n top: -1px;\n border-left: 0;\n border-right: 0.268em solid;\n border-top: 1px solid transparent;\n border-bottom: 0.134em solid transparent;\n}\n\nmjx-menclose > dbox {\n position: absolute;\n top: 0;\n bottom: 0;\n left: -0.3em;\n width: 0.6em;\n border: 0.067em solid;\n border-radius: 50%;\n clip-path: inset(0 0 0 0.3em);\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-cD7::before {\n padding: 0.491em 0.778em 0 0;\n content: \"\\D7\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-msubsup {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-script {\n display: inline-block;\n padding-right: .05em;\n padding-left: .033em;\n}\n\nmjx-script > mjx-spacer {\n display: block;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c210E.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.576em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"h\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D466.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.49em 0.205em 0;\n content: \"y\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c70::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.556em 0.194em 0;\n content: \"p\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2E::before {\n padding: 0.12em 0.278em 0 0;\n content: \".\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D45D.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.503em 0.194em 0;\n content: \"p\";\n}\n\n\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c2193 mjx-ext mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\23D0\";\n width: 0.667em;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c2193 mjx-end mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\2193\";\n padding: 0.6em 0.667em 0 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c2193 > mjx-end {\n margin-top: -0.6em;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v.mjx-c2193 > mjx-ext {\n border-bottom-width: 0.57em;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c6C::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.278em 0 0;\n content: \"l\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c4E::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.75em 0 0;\n content: \"N\";\n}\n\nmjx-mspace {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-TeXAtom {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2061::before {\n padding: 0 0 0 0;\n content: \"\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D461.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.626em 0.361em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"t\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c27E8::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.389em 0.25em 0;\n content: \"\\27E8\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c27E9::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.389em 0.25em 0;\n content: \"\\27E9\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2032::before {\n padding: 0.56em 0.275em 0 0;\n content: \"\\2032\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c64::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.556em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"d\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2223::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.278em 0.249em 0;\n content: \"\\2223\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2228::before {\n padding: 0.598em 0.667em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"\\2228\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c69::before {\n padding: 0.669em 0.278em 0 0;\n content: \"i\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c6E::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.556em 0 0;\n content: \"n\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D434.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.716em 0.75em 0 0;\n content: \"A\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D437.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.828em 0 0;\n content: \"D\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D44C.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.763em 0 0;\n content: \"Y\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D447.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.677em 0.704em 0 0;\n content: \"T\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D43C.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.504em 0 0;\n content: \"I\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D43E.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.889em 0 0;\n content: \"K\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D453.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.705em 0.55em 0.205em 0;\n content: \"f\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D463.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.443em 0.485em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"v\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D706.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.583em 0.012em 0;\n content: \"\\3BB\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D460.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.469em 0.01em 0;\n content: \"s\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2221.TEX-A::before {\n padding: 0.714em 0.722em 0.02em 0;\n content: \"\\2221\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2F::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.5em 0.25em 0;\n content: \"/\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c5B::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.278em 0.25em 0;\n content: \"[\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c6B::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.528em 0 0;\n content: \"k\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c67::before {\n padding: 0.453em 0.5em 0.206em 0;\n content: \"g\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c5D::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.278em 0.25em 0;\n content: \"]\";\n}\n\nmjx-munder {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-over {\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-munder:not([limits=\"false\"]) {\n display: inline-table;\n}\n\nmjx-munder > mjx-row {\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-under {\n padding-bottom: .1em;\n}\n\nmjx-mtext {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\n.mjx-stretched mjx-c.mjx-c2013::before {\n content: \"\\2013\";\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h.mjx-c2013 mjx-ext mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\2013\";\n padding: 0.285em 0 0 0;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D45A.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.878em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"m\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c3A::before {\n padding: 0.43em 0.278em 0 0;\n content: \":\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c61::before {\n padding: 0.448em 0.5em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"a\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c62::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.556em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"b\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2032::before {\n padding: 0.56em 0.275em 0 0;\n content: \"\\2032\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c28.TEX-S1::before {\n padding: 0.85em 0.458em 0.349em 0;\n content: \"(\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c29.TEX-S1::before {\n padding: 0.85em 0.458em 0.349em 0;\n content: \")\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2208::before {\n padding: 0.54em 0.667em 0.04em 0;\n content: \"\\2208\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c3C::before {\n padding: 0.54em 0.778em 0.04em 0;\n content: \"<\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c6D::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.833em 0 0;\n content: \"m\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c7A::before {\n padding: 0.431em 0.444em 0 0;\n content: \"z\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c79::before {\n padding: 0.431em 0.528em 0.204em 0;\n content: \"y\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c47::before {\n padding: 0.705em 0.785em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"G\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D6FD.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.705em 0.566em 0.194em 0;\n content: \"\\3B2\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D45B.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.6em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"n\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-cB7::before {\n padding: 0.31em 0.278em 0 0;\n content: \"\\22C5\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D6FE.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.441em 0.543em 0.216em 0;\n content: \"\\3B3\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D6FF.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.717em 0.444em 0.01em 0;\n content: \"\\3B4\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D700.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.452em 0.466em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"\\3B5\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c37::before {\n padding: 0.676em 0.5em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"7\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D443.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.751em 0 0;\n content: \"P\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D450.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.433em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"c\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c52::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.736em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"R\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D70B.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.431em 0.57em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"\\3C0\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D445.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.759em 0.021em 0;\n content: \"R\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D43F.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.681em 0 0;\n content: \"L\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c72::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.392em 0 0;\n content: \"r\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D45F.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.451em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"r\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c53::before {\n padding: 0.705em 0.556em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"S\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D44E.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.441em 0.529em 0.01em 0;\n content: \"a\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D44F.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.694em 0.429em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"b\";\n}\n\nmjx-mtable {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: center;\n vertical-align: .25em;\n position: relative;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n border-spacing: 0;\n border-collapse: collapse;\n}\n\nmjx-mstyle[size=\"s\"] mjx-mtable {\n vertical-align: .354em;\n}\n\nmjx-labels {\n position: absolute;\n left: 0;\n top: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-table {\n display: inline-block;\n vertical-align: -.5ex;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\nmjx-table > mjx-itable {\n vertical-align: middle;\n text-align: left;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\nmjx-labels > mjx-itable {\n position: absolute;\n top: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable[justify=\"left\"] {\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable[justify=\"right\"] {\n text-align: right;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable[justify=\"left\"][side=\"left\"] {\n padding-right: 0 ! important;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable[justify=\"left\"][side=\"right\"] {\n padding-left: 0 ! important;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable[justify=\"right\"][side=\"left\"] {\n padding-right: 0 ! important;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable[justify=\"right\"][side=\"right\"] {\n padding-left: 0 ! important;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable[align] {\n vertical-align: baseline;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable[align=\"top\"] > mjx-table {\n vertical-align: top;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable[align=\"bottom\"] > mjx-table {\n vertical-align: bottom;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable[side=\"right\"] mjx-labels {\n min-width: 100%;\n}\n\nmjx-mtr {\n display: table-row;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-mtr[rowalign=\"top\"] > mjx-mtd {\n vertical-align: top;\n}\n\nmjx-mtr[rowalign=\"center\"] > mjx-mtd {\n vertical-align: middle;\n}\n\nmjx-mtr[rowalign=\"bottom\"] > mjx-mtd {\n vertical-align: bottom;\n}\n\nmjx-mtr[rowalign=\"baseline\"] > mjx-mtd {\n vertical-align: baseline;\n}\n\nmjx-mtr[rowalign=\"axis\"] > mjx-mtd {\n vertical-align: .25em;\n}\n\nmjx-mtd {\n display: table-cell;\n text-align: center;\n padding: .215em .4em;\n}\n\nmjx-mtd:first-child {\n padding-left: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-mtd:last-child {\n padding-right: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable > * > mjx-itable > *:first-child > mjx-mtd {\n padding-top: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-mtable > * > mjx-itable > *:last-child > mjx-mtd {\n padding-bottom: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-tstrut {\n display: inline-block;\n height: 1em;\n vertical-align: -.25em;\n}\n\nmjx-labels[align=\"left\"] > mjx-mtr > mjx-mtd {\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-labels[align=\"right\"] > mjx-mtr > mjx-mtd {\n text-align: right;\n}\n\nmjx-mtd[extra] {\n padding: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-mtd[rowalign=\"top\"] {\n vertical-align: top;\n}\n\nmjx-mtd[rowalign=\"center\"] {\n vertical-align: middle;\n}\n\nmjx-mtd[rowalign=\"bottom\"] {\n vertical-align: bottom;\n}\n\nmjx-mtd[rowalign=\"baseline\"] {\n vertical-align: baseline;\n}\n\nmjx-mtd[rowalign=\"axis\"] {\n vertical-align: .25em;\n}\n\nmjx-msup {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-msqrt {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-root {\n display: inline-block;\n white-space: nowrap;\n}\n\nmjx-surd {\n display: inline-block;\n vertical-align: top;\n}\n\nmjx-sqrt {\n display: inline-block;\n padding-top: .07em;\n}\n\nmjx-sqrt > mjx-box {\n border-top: .07em solid;\n}\n\nmjx-sqrt.mjx-tall > mjx-box {\n padding-left: .3em;\n margin-left: -.3em;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-cB0::before {\n padding: 0.715em 0.5em 0 0;\n content: \"\\B0\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D6FC.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.64em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"\\3B1\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D465.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.442em 0.572em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"x\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c221A::before {\n padding: 0.8em 0.853em 0.2em 0;\n content: \"\\221A\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c22C5::before {\n padding: 0.31em 0.278em 0 0;\n content: \"\\22C5\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c63::before {\n padding: 0.448em 0.444em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"c\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c6F::before {\n padding: 0.448em 0.5em 0.01em 0;\n content: \"o\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c73::before {\n padding: 0.448em 0.394em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"s\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2218::before {\n padding: 0.444em 0.5em 0 0;\n content: \"\\2218\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c39::before {\n padding: 0.666em 0.5em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"9\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c28::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.389em 0.25em 0;\n content: \"(\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c29::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.389em 0.25em 0;\n content: \")\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c28.TEX-S2::before {\n padding: 1.15em 0.597em 0.649em 0;\n content: \"(\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c29.TEX-S2::before {\n padding: 1.15em 0.597em 0.649em 0;\n content: \")\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2227::before {\n padding: 0.598em 0.667em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"\\2227\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c3E::before {\n padding: 0.54em 0.778em 0.04em 0;\n content: \">\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c48::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.75em 0 0;\n content: \"H\";\n}\n\nmjx-msub {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D436.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.705em 0.76em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"C\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D43B.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.888em 0 0;\n content: \"H\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D442.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.704em 0.763em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"O\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-cA0::before {\n padding: 0 0.25em 0 0;\n content: \"\\A0\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2192::before {\n padding: 0.511em 1em 0.011em 0;\n content: \"\\2192\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c4F::before {\n padding: 0.705em 0.778em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"O\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c1D438.TEX-I::before {\n padding: 0.68em 0.764em 0 0;\n content: \"E\";\n}\n\nmjx-mover {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-mover:not([limits=\"false\"]) {\n padding-top: .1em;\n}\n\nmjx-mover:not([limits=\"false\"]) > * {\n display: block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-mfenced {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h.mjx-c2192 mjx-ext mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\2212\";\n padding: 0.583em 0 0.082em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h.mjx-c2192 mjx-end mjx-c::before {\n content: \"\\2192\";\n padding: 0.583em 0 0.082em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c45::before {\n padding: 0.68em 0.681em 0 0;\n content: \"E\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c46::before {\n padding: 0.68em 0.653em 0 0;\n content: \"F\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c41::before {\n padding: 0.716em 0.75em 0 0;\n content: \"A\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c43::before {\n padding: 0.705em 0.722em 0.021em 0;\n content: \"C\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2B::before {\n padding: 0.583em 0.778em 0.082em 0;\n content: \"+\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c42::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.708em 0 0;\n content: \"B\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c44::before {\n padding: 0.683em 0.764em 0 0;\n content: \"D\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c28.TEX-S4::before {\n padding: 1.75em 0.792em 1.249em 0;\n content: \"(\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c29.TEX-S4::before {\n padding: 1.75em 0.792em 1.249em 0;\n content: \")\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2225::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.5em 0.25em 0;\n content: \"\\2225\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c7C::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.278em 0.249em 0;\n content: \"|\";\n}\n\nmjx-mfrac {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-frac {\n display: inline-block;\n vertical-align: 0.17em;\n padding: 0 .22em;\n}\n\nmjx-frac[type=\"d\"] {\n vertical-align: .04em;\n}\n\nmjx-frac[delims] {\n padding: 0 .1em;\n}\n\nmjx-frac[atop] {\n padding: 0 .12em;\n}\n\nmjx-frac[atop][delims] {\n padding: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-dtable {\n display: inline-table;\n width: 100%;\n}\n\nmjx-dtable > * {\n font-size: 2000%;\n}\n\nmjx-dbox {\n display: block;\n font-size: 5%;\n}\n\nmjx-num {\n display: block;\n text-align: center;\n}\n\nmjx-den {\n display: block;\n text-align: center;\n}\n\nmjx-mfrac[bevelled] > mjx-num {\n display: inline-block;\n}\n\nmjx-mfrac[bevelled] > mjx-den {\n display: inline-block;\n}\n\nmjx-den[align=\"right\"], mjx-num[align=\"right\"] {\n text-align: right;\n}\n\nmjx-den[align=\"left\"], mjx-num[align=\"left\"] {\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-nstrut {\n display: inline-block;\n height: .054em;\n width: 0;\n vertical-align: -.054em;\n}\n\nmjx-nstrut[type=\"d\"] {\n height: .217em;\n vertical-align: -.217em;\n}\n\nmjx-dstrut {\n display: inline-block;\n height: .505em;\n width: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-dstrut[type=\"d\"] {\n height: .726em;\n}\n\nmjx-line {\n display: block;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n min-height: 1px;\n height: .06em;\n border-top: .06em solid;\n margin: .06em -.1em;\n overflow: hidden;\n}\n\nmjx-line[type=\"d\"] {\n margin: .18em -.1em;\n}\n\nmjx-mn {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-mrow {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-mi {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c25::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.833em 0.056em 0;\n content: \"%\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c31::before {\n padding: 0.666em 0.5em 0 0;\n content: \"1\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c30::before {\n padding: 0.666em 0.5em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"0\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2C::before {\n padding: 0.121em 0.278em 0.194em 0;\n content: \",\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c32::before {\n padding: 0.666em 0.5em 0 0;\n content: \"2\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c38::before {\n padding: 0.666em 0.5em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"8\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c34::before {\n padding: 0.677em 0.5em 0 0;\n content: \"4\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2248::before {\n padding: 0.483em 0.778em 0 0;\n content: \"\\2248\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c35::before {\n padding: 0.666em 0.5em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"5\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c3D::before {\n padding: 0.583em 0.778em 0.082em 0;\n content: \"=\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c33::before {\n padding: 0.665em 0.5em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"3\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c36::before {\n padding: 0.666em 0.5em 0.022em 0;\n content: \"6\";\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c25.TEX-MI::before {\n padding: 0.75em 0.847em 0.056em 0;\n content: \"%\";\n}\n\n\nmjx-container[jax=\"CHTML\"] {\n line-height: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-container [space=\"1\"] {\n margin-left: .111em;\n}\n\nmjx-container [space=\"2\"] {\n margin-left: .167em;\n}\n\nmjx-container [space=\"3\"] {\n margin-left: .222em;\n}\n\nmjx-container [space=\"4\"] {\n margin-left: .278em;\n}\n\nmjx-container [space=\"5\"] {\n margin-left: .333em;\n}\n\nmjx-container [rspace=\"1\"] {\n margin-right: .111em;\n}\n\nmjx-container [rspace=\"2\"] {\n margin-right: .167em;\n}\n\nmjx-container [rspace=\"3\"] {\n margin-right: .222em;\n}\n\nmjx-container [rspace=\"4\"] {\n margin-right: .278em;\n}\n\nmjx-container [rspace=\"5\"] {\n margin-right: .333em;\n}\n\nmjx-container [size=\"s\"] {\n font-size: 70.7%;\n}\n\nmjx-container [size=\"ss\"] {\n font-size: 50%;\n}\n\nmjx-container [size=\"Tn\"] {\n font-size: 60%;\n}\n\nmjx-container [size=\"sm\"] {\n font-size: 85%;\n}\n\nmjx-container [size=\"lg\"] {\n font-size: 120%;\n}\n\nmjx-container [size=\"Lg\"] {\n font-size: 144%;\n}\n\nmjx-container [size=\"LG\"] {\n font-size: 173%;\n}\n\nmjx-container [size=\"hg\"] {\n font-size: 207%;\n}\n\nmjx-container [size=\"HG\"] {\n font-size: 249%;\n}\n\nmjx-container [width=\"full\"] {\n width: 100%;\n}\n\nmjx-box {\n display: inline-block;\n}\n\nmjx-block {\n display: block;\n}\n\nmjx-itable {\n display: inline-table;\n}\n\nmjx-row {\n display: table-row;\n}\n\nmjx-row > * {\n display: table-cell;\n}\n\nmjx-mtext {\n display: inline-block;\n}\n\nmjx-mstyle {\n display: inline-block;\n}\n\nmjx-merror {\n display: inline-block;\n color: red;\n background-color: yellow;\n}\n\nmjx-mphantom {\n visibility: hidden;\n}\n\n_::-webkit-full-page-media, _:future, :root mjx-container {\n will-change: opacity;\n}\n\nmjx-math {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n line-height: 0;\n text-indent: 0;\n font-style: normal;\n font-weight: normal;\n font-size: 100%;\n font-size-adjust: none;\n letter-spacing: normal;\n border-collapse: collapse;\n word-wrap: normal;\n word-spacing: normal;\n white-space: nowrap;\n direction: ltr;\n padding: 1px 0;\n}\n\nmjx-container[jax=\"CHTML\"][display=\"true\"] {\n display: block;\n text-align: center;\n margin: 1em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-container[jax=\"CHTML\"][display=\"true\"][width=\"full\"] {\n display: flex;\n}\n\nmjx-container[jax=\"CHTML\"][display=\"true\"] mjx-math {\n padding: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-container[jax=\"CHTML\"][justify=\"left\"] {\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-container[jax=\"CHTML\"][justify=\"right\"] {\n text-align: right;\n}\n\nmjx-semantics {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-mo {\n display: inline-block;\n text-align: left;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h {\n display: inline-table;\n width: 100%;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h > * {\n display: table-cell;\n width: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h > * > mjx-c {\n display: inline-block;\n transform: scalex(1.0000001);\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h > * > mjx-c::before {\n display: inline-block;\n width: initial;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h > mjx-ext {\n /* IE */ overflow: hidden;\n /* others */ overflow: clip visible;\n width: 100%;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h > mjx-ext > mjx-c::before {\n transform: scalex(500);\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h > mjx-ext > mjx-c {\n width: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h > mjx-beg > mjx-c {\n margin-right: -.1em;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-h > mjx-end > mjx-c {\n margin-left: -.1em;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v {\n display: inline-block;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v > * {\n display: block;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v > mjx-beg {\n height: 0;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v > mjx-end > mjx-c {\n display: block;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v > * > mjx-c {\n transform: scaley(1.0000001);\n transform-origin: left center;\n overflow: hidden;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v > mjx-ext {\n display: block;\n height: 100%;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n border: 0px solid transparent;\n /* IE */ overflow: hidden;\n /* others */ overflow: visible clip;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v > mjx-ext > mjx-c::before {\n width: initial;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v > mjx-ext > mjx-c {\n transform: scaleY(500) translateY(.075em);\n overflow: visible;\n}\n\nmjx-mark {\n display: inline-block;\n height: 0px;\n}\n\nmjx-c {\n display: inline-block;\n}\n\nmjx-utext {\n display: inline-block;\n padding: .75em 0 .2em 0;\n}\n\nmjx-c::before {\n display: block;\n width: 0;\n}\n\n.MJX-TEX {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;\n}\n\n.TEX-B {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-B;\n}\n\n.TEX-I {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;\n}\n\n.TEX-MI {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-MI;\n}\n\n.TEX-BI {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-BI;\n}\n\n.TEX-S1 {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-S1;\n}\n\n.TEX-S2 {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-S2;\n}\n\n.TEX-S3 {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-S3;\n}\n\n.TEX-S4 {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-S4;\n}\n\n.TEX-A {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-A;\n}\n\n.TEX-C {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-C;\n}\n\n.TEX-CB {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-CB;\n}\n\n.TEX-FR {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-FR;\n}\n\n.TEX-FRB {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-FRB;\n}\n\n.TEX-SS {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-SS;\n}\n\n.TEX-SSB {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-SSB;\n}\n\n.TEX-SSI {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-SSI;\n}\n\n.TEX-SC {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-SC;\n}\n\n.TEX-T {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-T;\n}\n\n.TEX-V {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-V;\n}\n\n.TEX-VB {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-VB;\n}\n\nmjx-stretchy-v mjx-c, mjx-stretchy-h mjx-c {\n font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-S1, MJXTEX-S4, MJXTEX, MJXTEX-A ! important;\n}\n\n@font-face /* 0 */ {\n font-family: MJXZERO;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Zero.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 1 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Main-Regular.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 2 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-B;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Main-Bold.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 3 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-I;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Math-Italic.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 4 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-MI;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Main-Italic.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 5 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-BI;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Math-BoldItalic.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 6 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-S1;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Size1-Regular.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 7 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-S2;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Size2-Regular.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 8 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-S3;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Size3-Regular.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 9 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-S4;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Size4-Regular.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 10 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-A;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_AMS-Regular.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 11 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-C;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Calligraphic-Regular.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 12 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-CB;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Calligraphic-Bold.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 13 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-FR;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Fraktur-Regular.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 14 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-FRB;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Fraktur-Bold.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 15 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-SS;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_SansSerif-Regular.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 16 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-SSB;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_SansSerif-Bold.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 17 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-SSI;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_SansSerif-Italic.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 18 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-SC;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Script-Regular.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 19 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-T;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Typewriter-Regular.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 20 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-V;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Vector-Regular.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\n@font-face /* 21 */ {\n font-family: MJXTEX-VB;\n src: url(\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/output/chtml/fonts/woff-v2/MathJax_Vector-Bold.woff\") format(\"woff\");\n}\n\nmjx-c.mjx-c2212::before {\n padding: 0.583em 0.778em 0.082em 0;\n content: \"\\2212\";\n}\n","actionData","errors"]

Komentarze

Przeglądana książka

Moje książki

Kup PREMIUM i zyskaj!