Read the article and choose the correct answer a, b, c or d. Communicating effectively According to the World Federation of the Deaf, there are approximately 72 million deaf people worldwide. Deaf and speech-impaired people often rely on sign language to communicate with others. There are around 300 different sign languages in existence that were developed across various countries, alongside an international sign language for simpler communication. Sign languages primarily use body language, including arm, hand, and facial gestures, to convey messages. A common misconception among those who can hear is that sign languages visually represent spoken language. Interestingly, they are not right! This is because sign languages are rooted in concepts rather than words. Fingerspelling, which is used when a signer doesn't know a particular sign, appears to be a practical method for clarifying meaning and may be simpler for non-deaf individuals to learn. However, sign languages share some similarities with spoken languages. For example, deaf communities have established rules for expressing concepts in a similar way to how rules for spoken languages evolved. Interestingly, babies appear to learn sign language much like they learn a spoken language: they first acquire vocabulary signs and then start to learn how to convey these concepts more precisely and grammatically. Just as spoken languages have diverse dialects, sign languages also exhibit regional differences in the usage of symbols. Two significant sign languages are British Sign Language (BSL) and American Sign Language (ASL). Given that both nations use the same official spoken language, it would seem highly probable that, despite the ocean separating them, their sign languages would be similar. Interestingly, contrary to expectations, British Sign Language (BSL) and American Sign Language (ASL) developed independently, making communication between users of these languages challenging.ASL has more similarities with French Sign Language, influenced by the establishment of the first American school for the deaf in 1817 by Gallaudet and Clerc, who were educated in Paris. In contrast, the UK's first school for the deaf, Braidwood’s Academy for the Deaf and Dumb, was founded in 1760. Neither school, though, was free. After that, many children in both countries learned sign language outside of formal education, often due to the high costs associated with schooling. It's interesting to note that signing was strongly opposed in Britain during the 20th century as deaf children were urged to acquire lip-reading and fingerspelling. It wasn't until 2003 that BSL gained official recognition as a minority language in the UK! However, attitudes towards deafness and sign language among hearing people have significantly changed since then. It is generally believed that the Internet and social media are widely responsible for driving these changes since they have made it much simpler for organisations working with the deaf to share information about this impairment with the broader population. Moreover, visual media frequently offer sign language options, which have been useful as well since they can help people understand its significance to the deaf. Additionally, it's important to acknowledge role models like Kevin Hall, the first deaf professional golfer on the American PGA tour, whose bravery has inspired both the deaf and hearing communities, leading to a change in attitudes towards deafness. These days, while there has been an increase in the number of schools offering sign language courses in many countries, it remains insufficient. Families in the UK are being encouraged to learn sign language to communicate with deaf family members. For those unable to access courses, there are numerous free websites and video resources available online, making learning accessible. It’s really easy! The United Nations also has a significant role in this matter. It recently organised the first International Day of Sign Languages with the slogan, "With sign language, everyone is included!" In summary, there are people who believe that children in mainstream schools should learn sign language to improve communication with their deaf peers and put themselves in their shoes. However, this dream is still a long way from becoming reality. 1. Which statement in the text expresses an opinion rather than a fact? a. Deaf people should learn how to use sign language. b. A universal sign language is simpler to learn compared to other sign languages. c. Spoken language and sign language are not closely related. d. Fingerspelling is beneficial in certain contexts. 2. According to the second paragraph, a. different sign languages can have distinct signs for the same concept. b. the vocabulary of sign language is emphasised over grammar. c. babies need to learn grammar rules to use sign language accurately. d. sign languages have fewer regulations than spoken languages. 3. ASL and BSL differ because a. the geographical distance between the United States and the UK affected communication between teachers. b. deaf schools in the USA were established later than those in the UK. c. the first American school for the deaf adopted French teaching methods. d. numerous deaf children in the UK were homeschooled due to expensive education. 4. In the fourth paragraph, the author suggests that a. deaf people use the World Wide Web and social networking platforms extensively. b. modern perceptions towards sign language and deaf people have changed. c. all television programmes should include sign language options to assist the deaf. d. relying on a single role model is not enough to change public attitudes. 5. The author believes that a. there aren’t many sign language courses in the UK. b. families in the UK lack effectiveness in supporting the deaf. c. children attending hearing schools will learn sign language in the future. d. online resources make sign language accessible to anyone willing to learn. Read the article and choose the correct answer a, b, c or d. Communicating effectively According to the World Federation of the Deaf, there are approximately 72 million deaf people worldwide. Deaf and speech-impaired people often rely on sign language to communicate with others. There are around 300 different sign languages in existence that were developed across various countries, alongside an international sign language for simpler communication. Sign languages primarily use body language, including arm, hand, and facial gestures, to convey messages. A common misconception among those who can hear is that sign languages visually represent spoken language. Interestingly, they are not right! This is because sign languages are rooted in concepts rather than words. Fingerspelling, which is used when a signer doesn't know a particular sign, appears to be a practical method for clarifying meaning and may be simpler for non-deaf individuals to learn. However, sign languages share some similarities with spoken languages. For example, deaf communities have established rules for expressing concepts in a similar way to how rules for spoken languages evolved. Interestingly, babies appear to learn sign language much like they learn a spoken language: they first acquire vocabulary signs and then start to learn how to convey these concepts more precisely and grammatically. Just as spoken languages have diverse dialects, sign languages also exhibit regional differences in the usage of symbols. Two significant sign languages are British Sign Language (BSL) and American Sign Language (ASL). Given that both nations use the same official spoken language, it would seem highly probable that, despite the ocean separating them, their sign languages would be similar. Interestingly, contrary to expectations, British Sign Language (BSL) and American Sign Language (ASL) developed independently, making communication between users of these languages challenging.ASL has more similarities with French Sign Language, influenced by the establishment of the first American school for the deaf in 1817 by Gallaudet and Clerc, who were educated in Paris. In contrast, the UK's first school for the deaf, Braidwood’s Academy for the Deaf and Dumb, was founded in 1760. Neither school, though, was free. After that, many children in both countries learned sign language outside of formal education, often due to the high costs associated with schooling. It's interesting to note that signing was strongly opposed in Britain during the 20th century as deaf children were urged to acquire lip-reading and fingerspelling. It wasn't until 2003 that BSL gained official recognition as a minority language in the UK! However, attitudes towards deafness and sign language among hearing people have significantly changed since then. It is generally believed that the Internet and social media are widely responsible for driving these changes since they have made it much simpler for organisations working with the deaf to share information about this impairment with the broader | TEST High note 4. Student's Book | 5/1

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Unit 1 GRUPA_BZadanie 2 Zadanie 3 Zadanie 4 Zadanie 5 Zadanie 6 Zadanie 7 Zadanie 8 Zadanie 9

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Read the article and choose the correct answer a, b, c or d.

Communicating effectively

According to the World Federation of the Deaf, there are approximately 72 million deaf people worldwide. Deaf and

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